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Vietnam

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The sources listed are the ones this profile uses, with the years their figures describe. The access date is today.

Vietnam mined 3.5% (USGS) of the world's tungsten in 2025 (estimated).

3.5%

of the world's tungsten mining in 2025 (estimated), according to USGS · about 1 in 20

#2 in tungsten miningANNUAL 2025

  • Materials with a production share

    4

    with a mining or refining share on record

  • Sites on record

    1

    Mines and plants in the open sources. Coverage is partial.

  • Exports of the ten materials

    $478M

    2024; most of it rare earths; 39 partner countries

  • Grid emissions intensity

    459gCO2e/kWh

    2025

OverviewSupply chainMoneySustainabilityRisks & policySourcesHistory & talk

Overview

What it produces

Share of world output, per material and stage. Each bar is one source's figure; where two sources report the same stage, both are shown and never blended. A full-width bar would be 100%.

  • Tungsten· Mine

    • 3.5%about 1 in 20#2 in tungsten miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 3 000 t

      Rank 2 of the 11 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

  • Rare earths· Refine

    • 1.1%#4 in rare earths refiningIEA, 2025 · 1 kt REE

      Rank 4 of the 5 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

  • Antimony· Mine

    • 0.2%#12 in antimony miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 220 t

      Rank 12 of the 15 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

  • Rare earths· Mine

    • 0%#11 in rare earths miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 150 t

      Rank 11 of the 12 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

  • Graphite· Mine

    • 0%#15 in graphite miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 500 t

      Rank 15 of the 18 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

Key facts

Country code
VNM
GDP
$515bn (2025)
Mineral rents, share of GDP
0.1% (2021)
Ores and metals, share of goods exports
1.1% (2023)
Mining area, all commodities
263 km² (2019; rank 38 of 144)
Named in the sources as
Viet Nam

Money →Sustainability →Risks & policy →

Map

Basemap: Natural Earth (public domain)
  • Vietnam
  • Mine or brine operation
  • Processing site

Sites are those in the open sources. A site missing here is missing from the sources, not from the world.

Sites on record · 1

1 of 1 shown

One entry per site. Where two sources describe the same site, the atlas lists the record of the source it ranks higher.

Country in context

Tungsten: Mine production, 2025 (estimated). All rows come from the same table.

Country in context: Tungsten, Mine production, 2025
Countrymetric tonsShare of worldSource
VietnamThis country3 0003.5 %
ChinaLargest producer in the table67 00078.7 %
World totalWorld total as the source gives it85 000–

Supply chain

Every figure the sources give for this country, its trade partners per material, and where its sites are.

Production, refining and reserves

The latest year of each series. Share is of the series total: the larger of the source world total and the sum of its rows. Rank counts only the countries that have a number in that series.

Production, refining and reserves: Vietnam
SeriesAmountShare of worldSource
Graphite: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 15 of 18500 t0.0 %
Graphite: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 7 of 159 700 000 t3.1 %
Rare earths: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 11 of 12150 t0.0 %
Rare earths: Refining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 4 of 51 kt REE1.1 %
Rare earths: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 5 of 113 500 000 t4.1 %
Tungsten: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 2 of 113 000 t3.5 %
Tungsten: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 4 of 8170 000 t3.6 %
Antimony: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 12 of 15220 t0.2 %
Antimony: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 11 of 1354 000 t2.3 %

Mines and plants listed without coordinates · 23

The USGS Minerals Yearbook names these operations in Vietnam with company, place and annual capacity, but gives no coordinates, so they are not on the map. Capacity is not production. Each row is from the chapter year shown.

Material and productKindCompany, as listedPlace, as listedAnnual capacityYearSource
AntimonyAntimony > Mine, Sb contentMineHa Giang Mineral and Mechanics JSC1not given2022
AntimonyAntimony > RefineryPlantHa Giang Mineral and Mechanics JSC1not given2022
CobaltCobalt, mine, Co contentMineBan Phuc Nickel Mines LLC (Blackstone Minerals Ltd., 90%, and Son La Mechanical Engineering JSC, 10%)NAnot given2022
CopperCopper > Mine, Cu contentMineBan Phuc Nickel Mines LLC (Blackstone Minerals Ltd., 90%, and Son La Mechanical Engineering JSC, 10%)4not given2022
CopperCopper > Mine, Cu contentMineDong Ta Phoi JSC10not given2022
CopperCopper > Mine, Cu contentMineNui Phao Mining Co. Ltd. (NPMC) [Masan High-Tech Materials Corp., 100%]10not given2022
CopperCopper > Mine, Cu contentMineSin Quyen-Lao Cai Copper Mining Co. [VINACOMIN - Minerals Holding Corp. (VIMICO), 100%]30not given2022
CopperCopper > RefinedPlantLao Cai Copper Refining Co. [VINACOMIN - Minerals Holding Corp. (VIMICO), 100%]10not given2022
CopperCopper > RefinedPlantLao Cai Copper Refining Co. [VINACOMIN - Minerals Holding Corp. (VIMICO), 100%]20not given2022
CopperCopper > RefinedPlantLiOA Electrical Equipment Co. Ltd.40not given2022
GraphiteGraphiteNot specifiedSong Da Lao Cai Mining JSCNAnot given2022
GraphiteGraphiteNot specifiedVietnam Graphite Group40not given2022
GraphiteGraphiteNot specifiedVietnam Graphite Group24not given2022
NickelNickel, mine, Ni contentMineBan Phuc Nickel Mines LLC (Blackstone Minerals Ltd., 90%, and Son La Mechanical Engineering JSC, 10%)44not given2022
Rare earthsRare earths > ConcentrateMineDong Pao Rare Earth Development Co. (Sojitz and Toyota Tsusho Corp., and Lai Chau-VIMICO- Rare Earth JSC)1000not given2022
Rare earthsRare earths > ConcentrateMineThai Duong GroupNAnot given2022
Rare earthsRare earths > RefinedPlantShin-Etsu Magnetic Minerals Vietnam Co. Ltd. (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd., 100%)2200not given2022
Rare earthsRare earths > RefinedPlantVietnam Rare Earth Co. Ltd. (VERX) [Shenghe Resources (Singapore), 90%, and Seidou, 10%]1000not given2022
Rare earthsRare earths > RefinedPlantVietnam Rare Earth JSC (VTRE)4000not given2022
TungstenTungsten > Concentrates,MineNui Phao Mining Co. Ltd. (NPMC) [Masan4000not given2022
TungstenTungsten > Smelter, WO3 contentPlantMasan Tungsten Co. [Masan High-Tech Materials Corp., 100%]11000not given2022
TungstenTungsten > Smelter, WO3 contentPlantTungsten Vietnam JSCNAnot given2022
TungstenTungsten > W contentNot specifiedHigh-Tech Materials Corp., 100%]not given2022

Trade partners

12 recorded flows, 2024

Basemap: Natural Earth (public domain)
  • Recorded trade flow; a thicker line is a larger value
  • Vietnam

Lines join the middle of each country. They are not shipping routes.

Recorded trade flows of Vietnam: Rare earths
PartnerMaterialYearValue, US$Source
Export toJapanRare earthsRefine2024$162M
Import fromMalaysiaRare earthsRefine2024$73M
Import fromJapanRare earthsRefine2024$45M
Import fromUSARare earthsRefine2024$29M
Import fromChinaRare earthsRefine2024$27M
Export toChinaRare earthsRefine2024$26M
Export toChinaRare earthsRefine2024$20M
Import fromChinaRare earthsRefine2024$18M
Import fromIndiaRare earthsRefine2024$14M
Import fromThailandRare earthsRefine2024$13M
Export toSingaporeRare earthsRefine2024$12M
Import fromJapanRare earthsRefine2024$10M

Reconciled customs data (CEPII BACI), by value. The data holds only the largest flows of each material, so this is not the country’s full trade.

1 sites, deposits and projects on record are listed with the map in the Overview →

Money

What the trade data and the World Bank record in money terms. Every value is a reported figure with its own year.

All recorded trade flows of 2024 under the customs codes that isolate one of the ten materials, by value (CEPII BACI, reconciled estimates, current US dollars). Codes that mix several materials are left out, so trade in those materials is understated; gallium and germanium have no usable code at all. Each material lists its five largest partners. Why trade data blurs some materials

Exports of the ten materials

$478Min 2024, with 39 partner countries

Imports of the ten materials

$2.3bnin 2024, with 32 partner countries

The economy around mining

World Bank indicators. Each has its own latest year, shown next to the value; mineral rents are often several years old.

  • GDP (current US$)

    $515bn

    Year 2025

  • Mineral rents (% of GDP)

    0.1%

    Year 2021

  • Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)

    1.1%

    Year 2023

Government revenue from extractives

No data yet. Vietnam has no EITI summary record with a government total. Countries report only if they implement the EITI Standard; a missing record does not mean there is no such revenue.

EITI open data

Investment pipeline

announced figures

Planned and under-construction projects in Vietnam with a publicly announced capital cost, public financial backing, or both. Each line is one statement by the named publisher on the given date; the atlas adds nothing to it.

No data yet. The atlas has read no announcement of this kind for a project in Vietnam. The list is short and hand-read; a missing project is missing from the list, not from the world.

A short, hand-read list, not a census: 19 projects in all. Announced amounts are not spending, a letter of interest or a conditional commitment is not a loan, and amounts stay in the currency of the announcement.

Public support instruments

Stockpiles, price floors, offtake and purchasing programmes and public funds of Vietnam's government, as dated policy events of the type "public support". Each is one statement by its publisher.

No data yet. The atlas has read no public support instrument of Vietnam's government. The list is short and hand-read.

These figures are informational, not financial advice.

Sustainability

Four indicators, the same on every profile. Each is a figure with its unit, year and source, or a plain statement that there is none.

  • Carbon

    Emissions intensity of the country's electricity grid.

    459gCO2e/kWh

    2025Reported

    Higher than 49% of the other 208 countries with a grid figure.

    • It describes the national grid, not mining or refining. Sites may run on their own power.

  • Water

    Share of the country's mine sites on record that lie in high or extremely high baseline water stress.

    0%of mine sites on record

    2023Estimated

    No world percentile: the number of sites on record differs too much between countries to compare them.

    • 0 of 1 sites with a class (1 mine and brine sites on record).
    • Counted by site, not by tonnage: it is not a share of production.
    • "Arid and Low Water Use" is a class of its own in the source and is not counted as high.

  • Land

    Land visibly used by mining in the country, every commodity together.

    263km²

    2019Estimated

    Higher than 74% of the other 143 countries with a mapped mining area.

    • Rank 38 of 144 countries by area.
    • Mapped from satellite images for all mining in a country. It cannot be attributed to one material or one site.

  • Circularity

    Recycling's share of demand.

    Not available per country: recycling rates in the atlas are published per material, for the EU as a whole.

There is no overall score: the four figures measure different things and are not added up. How to read these figures

Risks & policy

Export controls in force

Compiled by USGS, effective January 2026. Not a live feed.

  • ▲ BanVietnamRare earths2012

    Export ban: Raw materials of iron, lead-zinc, chromite, manganese, apatite, and rare earths and deeply processed titanium (2012).

    Source ↗

Chokepoints at sea

The atlas has no record of which minerals pass through which sea passage, so no chokepoint figure is attached to this profile. Current ship counts for the main passages are on the Live page. Open the Live page

Gaps

What the atlas is missing for Vietnam

Computed from the data. Each line names a record that exists and one that does not. It marks missing data, not missing industry.

  • Listed as a graphite producer (0% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no mine is on record.
  • A graphite producer (0% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
  • Listed as a rare earths producer (0% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no mine is on record.
  • Listed as a rare earths refiner (1.1% of world output; Refining (IEA), 2025), but no processing plant is on record.
  • A rare earths producer (0% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
  • Listed as a tungsten producer (3.5% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no mine is on record.
  • A tungsten producer (3.5% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
  • Listed as a antimony producer (0.2% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no mine is on record.
  • A antimony producer (0.2% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
  • Trade is partial by design: the atlas holds only each material's largest flows. 20 of them name this country.

Add dataAll gaps, across materials

Sources

Every source this profile uses, with its licence, the years its figures describe and how sure the figures are. Each chip on the profile opens the single record.

The mining-area figure comes from a share-alike source (CC-BY-SA-4.0). It is kept in its own file under that licence, apart from the rest of the atlas's data.

History & talk

Revision history and discussion are coming soon.

Every change to a figure will be listed here with its source, its credit and its review, and each profile will have a place to discuss it. Until then the data changes only when a source is updated, and every figure links to that source.

What can be contributed today

What we don't know yet

No open source we may use gives these figures. Nothing is estimated to fill them. If you know a public source, add it.

Type the name of a material, a country, a site or a company.