Australia
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Australia mined 34% (IEA) of the world's lithium in 2025 and refined 1.9% (IEA).
34%
of the world's lithium mining in 2025, according to IEA · about 1 in 3
#1 in lithium miningANNUAL 2025
Materials with a production share
7
with a mining or refining share on record
Sites on record
155
Mines and plants in the open sources. Coverage is partial. Also on record: 262 deposits and projects, which are not counted.
Exports of the ten materials
$11bn
2024; most of it copper; 69 partner countries
Grid emissions intensity
518gCO2e/kWh
2025
Overview
What it produces
Share of world output, per material and stage. Each bar is one source's figure; where two sources report the same stage, both are shown and never blended. A full-width bar would be 100%.
Lithium· Mine
- 34%about 1 in 3#1 in lithium miningIEA, 2025 · 104 kt Li
Rank 1 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.
- 32%about 1 in 3#1 in lithium miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 92 000 t
Rank 1 of the 9 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Rare earths· Mine
- 7.4%about 1 in 20#3 in rare earths miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 29 000 t
Rank 3 of the 12 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
- 5%about 1 in 20#4 in rare earths miningIEA, 2025 · 4 kt REE
Rank 4 of the 5 countries with a figure in this IEA table.
Copper· Mine
- 3.2%about 1 in 20#8 in copper miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 730 kt
Rank 8 of the 14 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Lithium· Refine
- 1.9%#4 in lithium refiningIEA, 2025 · 6 kt Li
Rank 4 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.
Copper· Refine
- 1.6%#13 in copper refiningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 460 kt
Rank 13 of the 17 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Cobalt· Mine
- 1.3%#5 in cobalt miningIEA, 2025 · 4 kt Co
Rank 5 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.
- 1.2%#5 in cobalt miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 3 700 t
Rank 5 of the 12 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Tungsten· Mine
- 1.2%#8 in tungsten miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 1 000 t
Rank 8 of the 11 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Antimony· Mine
- 1.2%#7 in antimony miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 1 300 t
Rank 7 of the 15 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Nickel· Mine
- 1.2%#8 in nickel miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 45 000 t
Rank 8 of the 9 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Key facts
- Country code
- AUS
- GDP
- $1.8tn (2025)
- Mineral rents, share of GDP
- 10% (2021)
- Ores and metals, share of goods exports
- 35% (2025)
- Mining area, all commodities
- 8 483 km² (2019; rank 3 of 144)
Map
- Australia
- Mine or brine operation
- Processing site
- Deposit or project (not a mine or a plant yet)
Sites are those in the open sources. A site missing here is missing from the sources, not from the world.
Sites on record · 155 and 262 deposits and projects
417 of 417 shown
- AbraMine
- AileronDeposit (no mine)
- AmbergateDeposit (no mine)
- AndoverDeposit (no mine)
- AngasMine
- AnthillMine
- Area 55Deposit (no mine)
- AttungaDeposit (no mine)
- AveburyMine
- Avoca TankMine
- AvonbankProject (not producing yet)
- BadjaDeposit (no mine)
- BalcoomaMine
- Bald HillMine
- BarbaraMine
- BarbaraMine
- Barnes HillDeposit (no mine)
- Barrow CreekDeposit (no mine)
- BasilDeposit (no mine)
- Beta HuntMine
- BidaminnaDeposit (no mine)
- Black SwanMine
- Blue SpecDeposit (no mine)
- Blue's FolleyDeposit (no mine)
- BoddingtonMine
- Bold HeadDeposit (no mine)
- BonyaDeposit (no mine)
- BrigantineDeposit (no mine)
- BroadhurstDeposit (no mine)
- BrockmanDeposit (no mine)
- Broken HillDeposit (no mine)
- Broken Hill CobaltDeposit (no mine)
- BrolgaDeposit (no mine)
- Brookes BoreDeposit (no mine)
- BrownsDeposit (no mine)
- Browns RangeProject (not producing yet)
- BuldaniaDeposit (no mine)
- Bulla ParkDeposit (no mine)
- BulongDeposit (no mine)
- Bulong nickel mineMine
- Bulong-NiRefinery
- BungalallyDeposit (no mine)
- BungoniaDeposit (no mine)
- BurkeDeposit (no mine)
- Burns CentralDeposit (no mine)
- BurraProject (not producing yet)
- BurracoppinDeposit (no mine)
- BynoeDeposit (no mine)
- Byro EastDeposit (no mine)
- CadiaMine
- CalypsoDeposit (no mine)
- Camel CreekDeposit (no mine)
- Camelback BoreDeposit (no mine)
- CampoonaDeposit (no mine)
- CanegrassDeposit (no mine)
- CangaiDeposit (no mine)
- CanoonaDeposit (no mine)
- Canterbury Open PitMine
- Capricorn CopperMine
- Capricorn CopperMine
- CarlingupDeposit (no mine)
- Carlow CastleDeposit (no mine)
- CarrapateenaMine
- CassiniMine
- CavalierDeposit (no mine)
- CawseMine
- Cawse-Ni-CoRefinery
- Charley CreekDeposit (no mine)
- Circle ValleyDeposit (no mine)
- Claude HillsDeposit (no mine)
- ClevelandDeposit (no mine)
- CliffsMine
- CoburnMine
- CogliaDeposit (no mine)
- Collie-BAMProcessing plant
- Constellation ProjectMine
- Cookes Creek-Big HillDeposit (no mine)
- CopernicusDeposit (no mine)
- CorellaDeposit (no mine)
- CorkwoodDeposit (no mine)
- Coronation DamDeposit (no mine)
- Cosmic BoyDeposit (no mine)
- CosmosMine
- CosterfieldMine
- CowalinyaDeposit (no mine)
- CroydonDeposit (no mine)
- CSAMine
- Cummins RangeDeposit (no mine)
- Darwin Co-CuRefinery
- Darwin-LFP CAMProcessing plant
- Deep LeadsDeposit (no mine)
- DeflectorMine
- DeGrussaMine
- Demonstration-Broken Hill-CoRefinery
- Demonstration-Perth-GrProcessing plant
- Demonstration-Townsville-BAMProcessing plant
- DesolationDeposit (no mine)
- Diggers AreaDeposit (no mine)
- DolphinMine
- DonaldProject (not producing yet)
- Doubloon NorthDeposit (no mine)
- DubboProject (not producing yet)
- Duck CreekDeposit (no mine)
- East CooeeDeposit (no mine)
- East ScotiaDeposit (no mine)
- Eastern HillsDeposit (no mine)
- Elaine DorothyDeposit (no mine)
- Elverdton Copper MineMine
- Emmie BluffDeposit (no mine)
- EndeavorMine
- EneabbaProject (not producing yet)
- Eneabba-REERefinery
- Ernest HenryMine
- Ernest Henry and Mount IsaMine
- Ernest Henry and Mount Isa (Ernest Henry)Mine
- Ernest Henry and Mount Isa (Mount Isa)Mine
- EsmeraldaDeposit (no mine)
- EvaProject (not producing yet)
- FaradayDeposit (no mine)
- FederationMine
- FingerboardsDeposit (no mine)
- FinnissMine
- FisherDeposit (no mine)
- Fisher EastDeposit (no mine)
- Flying FoxMine
- Foster-BakerDeposit (no mine)
- Four CornersDeposit (no mine)
- FrostDeposit (no mine)
- Ghan WellDeposit (no mine)
- Ghost RocksDeposit (no mine)
- Glen EdenDeposit (no mine)
- Golden GroveMine
- Golden RidgeDeposit (no mine)
- Golden Star Open PitMine
- GoodyearDeposit (no mine)
- GoongarrieDeposit (no mine)
- Goongarrie-Ni-CoRefinery
- GoschenProject (not producing yet)
- Goschen CentralDeposit (no mine)
- Goschen SouthDeposit (no mine)
- Graphite BullDeposit (no mine)
- Gray BridgeDeposit (no mine)
- Great Australia ComplexMine
- Great Australia ComplexMine
- Great CobarMine
- GreenbushesMine
- GreenmountDeposit (no mine)
- Grey DamDeposit (no mine)
- GunnawarraDeposit (no mine)
- Gwindinup NorthDeposit (no mine)
- HamptonDeposit (no mine)
- Harmony PitMine
- Hassell BeachDeposit (no mine)
- Hatches CreekDeposit (no mine)
- HavieronProject (not producing yet)
- HellyerMine
- HeraMine
- HillgroveProject (not producing yet)
- HillsideProject (not producing yet)
- Home of BullionDeposit (no mine)
- HomevilleDeposit (no mine)
- Honeymoon WellDeposit (no mine)
- HorseshoeDeposit (no mine)
- Irwin-CogliaDeposit (no mine)
- Jacks TankDeposit (no mine)
- JaguarMine
- Jasper BlockDeposit (no mine)
- JerichoDeposit (no mine)
- JervoisProject (not producing yet)
- JimberlanaDeposit (no mine)
- John GaltDeposit (no mine)
- JupiterDeposit (no mine)
- Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold MineMine
- Kalgoorlie-NiSmelter
- KalkarooDeposit (no mine)
- KanmantooMine
- KaraMine
- Kara No. 2Deposit (no mine)
- Kathleen ValleyMine
- Kavanagh Open PitMine
- Kemerton-LiRefinery
- KennedyDeposit (no mine)
- KilbaDeposit (no mine)
- King Island TailingsDeposit (no mine)
- King TambaDeposit (no mine)
- Kookaburra GullyDeposit (no mine)
- KoppamurraDeposit (no mine)
- KoppioDeposit (no mine)
- KorellaDeposit (no mine)
- KuridalaDeposit (no mine)
- Kwinana-Co-NiRefinery
- Kwinana-LiRefinery
- Kwinana-LiRefinery
- Kwinana-Ni-CoRefinery
- Kwinana-pCAMProcessing plant
- LacromaDeposit (no mine)
- Lagoon HillDeposit (no mine)
- Lake RebeccaDeposit (no mine)
- LanfranchiMine
- Larkin FindDeposit (no mine)
- LeinsterMine
- LeinsterMine
- LeliynDeposit (no mine)
- Lennard ShelfMine
- Leviathan Open PitMine
- Lounge LizardMine
- Lucky BreakDeposit (no mine)
- LuniDeposit (no mine)
- LyonsDeposit (no mine)
- Maggie HaysMine
- MagpieDeposit (no mine)
- MangaroonDeposit (no mine)
- MannaProject (not producing yet)
- Marble BarDeposit (no mine)
- MaroochydoreDeposit (no mine)
- MarriottDeposit (no mine)
- Mary KathleenDeposit (no mine)
- MawsonDeposit (no mine)
- McCabeDeposit (no mine)
- McIntoshDeposit (no mine)
- MedcalfDeposit (no mine)
- Melba FlatsDeposit (no mine)
- MG14-WindaboutDeposit (no mine)
- MiaDeposit (no mine)
- MillenniumDeposit (no mine)
- MiloDeposit (no mine)
- Mineral HillMine
- Mineral Patch HillDeposit (no mine)
- Minhub-REE-HMSRefinery
- Minyari DomeDeposit (no mine)
- MiriamDeposit (no mine)
- Mission SillDeposit (no mine)
- Mitre HillDeposit (no mine)
- MoinaDeposit (no mine)
- MolyhilDeposit (no mine)
- MonsDeposit (no mine)
- Monty Copper MineMine
- Mount CarbineMine
- Mount CarltonMine
- Mount Chalmers MineMine
- Mount ClementDeposit (no mine)
- Mount CobaltDeposit (no mine)
- Mount CobaltDeposit (no mine)
- Mount ColinMine
- Mount DeansDeposit (no mine)
- Mount DromedaryDeposit (no mine)
- Mount EdonDeposit (no mine)
- Mount FitchDeposit (no mine)
- Mount GarnetMine
- Mount HollandMine
- Mount IdaDeposit (no mine)
- Mount IsaMine
- Mount Isa-Cu-ZnSmelter
- Mount JewellDeposit (no mine)
- Mount KeithMine
- Mount LindsayDeposit (no mine)
- Mount MargaretDeposit (no mine)
- Mount MarionMine
- Mount MulcahyDeposit (no mine)
- Mount MulgineDeposit (no mine)
- Mount OxideDeposit (no mine)
- Mount PaynterDeposit (no mine)
- Mount ShollDeposit (no mine)
- Mount SlopeawayDeposit (no mine)
- Mount TaborDeposit (no mine)
- Mount ThirstyDeposit (no mine)
- Mount Thirsty-Ni-CoRefinery
- Mount WeldMine
- Mount WindarraMine
- Mountain of LightMine
- Mt CattlinMine
- Mt LyellMine
- Mt Moss MineMine
- Mulga TankDeposit (no mine)
- MunglinupDeposit (no mine)
- MurrawombieMine
- Murrin MurrinMine
- Murrin Murrin - MinaraMine
- Murrin Murrin 14GPMine
- Murrin Murrin 6Mine
- Murrin Murrin-Ni-CoRefinery
- Murrin South OperationsMine
- MutoorooDeposit (no mine)
- NagambieDeposit (no mine)
- Nanadie WellDeposit (no mine)
- NaracoopaMine
- NarraburraDeposit (no mine)
- Nebo-BabelProject (not producing yet)
- NepeanDeposit (no mine)
- New HopeDeposit (no mine)
- NewmontDeposit (no mine)
- NiftyProject (not producing yet)
- NiftyMine
- NiobeDeposit (no mine)
- NiWestProject (not producing yet)
- NiWestProject (not producing yet)
- NMBDDeposit (no mine)
- Nolans BoreProject (not producing yet)
- Nolans-REERefinery
- North StanmoreDeposit (no mine)
- NorthcoteDeposit (no mine)
- Northern OperationsMine
- NorthparkesMine
- Nova-BollingerMine
- O'CallaghansDeposit (no mine)
- O'ConnorDeposit (no mine)
- OarDeposit (no mine)
- OlympiaDeposit (no mine)
- Olympic DamMine
- Olympic DamMine
- Olympic Dam-CuSmelter
- OsborneMine
- OverlanderDeposit (no mine)
- Pardoo-HighwayDeposit (no mine)
- PASMine
- Peak MinesMine
- Peko TailingsMine
- PelicanDeposit (no mine)
- PerrinvaleDeposit (no mine)
- Perry CreekDeposit (no mine)
- PilgangooraMine
- Pilgangoora-Li-PRefinery
- PinnaclesDeposit (no mine)
- PioneerDeposit (no mine)
- Pioneer DomeDeposit (no mine)
- Port Pirie-Zn-Cu-Te-Bi-SbSmelter
- PortiaMine
- PortiaMine
- Prominent HillMine
- Pyke HillDeposit (no mine)
- QuicksilverDeposit (no mine)
- Radio HillMine
- RavensthorpeMine
- Ravensthorpe-Ni-CoRefinery
- RedlingsDeposit (no mine)
- RenisonMine
- RidgewayMine
- RisdonSmelter
- RiverinaDeposit (no mine)
- RocklandsMine
- RocklandsMine
- Rocky's Reward PitMine
- RoseberyMine
- RosieDeposit (no mine)
- Rover 1Project (not producing yet)
- Ruth WellDeposit (no mine)
- SaintsDeposit (no mine)
- Sandy MitchellDeposit (no mine)
- SavannahMine
- SconiProject (not producing yet)
- Sherlock BayDeposit (no mine)
- Silver KnightDeposit (no mine)
- Silver LakeDeposit (no mine)
- SinclairDeposit (no mine)
- SinclairMine
- SiviourProject (not producing yet)
- Siviour-BAMProcessing plant
- SlopeawayDeposit (no mine)
- SorrelMine
- South KambaldaMine
- SpargovilleDeposit (no mine)
- Spinifex RidgeMine
- Splinter RockDeposit (no mine)
- Split RocksDeposit (no mine)
- Spotted QuollMine
- SpringdaleDeposit (no mine)
- St DizierDeposit (no mine)
- StantonDeposit (no mine)
- Sulphur SpringsProject (not producing yet)
- SunriseProject (not producing yet)
- SybellaDeposit (no mine)
- Tabba TabbaDeposit (no mine)
- TallebungDeposit (no mine)
- TECH-Ni-Co-HPARefinery
- TelferMine
- TexasMine
- ThalangaMine
- Thirty-nine Kinsella Street Private dwellinghousesMine
- Tommy BurnsDeposit (no mine)
- TorringtonDeposit (no mine)
- TowerDeposit (no mine)
- Townsville-CuRefinery
- TrittonMine
- Trough WellDeposit (no mine)
- Tumblegum Open PitMine
- Uley 2Project (not producing yet)
- VulcanDeposit (no mine)
- Walford CreekDeposit (no mine)
- Wallace NorthMine
- WaterlooDeposit (no mine)
- WatershedDeposit (no mine)
- WedderburnDeposit (no mine)
- West LynnDeposit (no mine)
- Western QueenDeposit (no mine)
- Whim CreekMine
- White RockDeposit (no mine)
- Widgie NorthDeposit (no mine)
- Widgie SouthDeposit (no mine)
- Wilclo SouthDeposit (no mine)
- Wild Cattle CreekDeposit (no mine)
- WilunaDeposit (no mine)
- Wim 100Deposit (no mine)
- Wim 150Deposit (no mine)
- WingellinaDeposit (no mine)
- Wingellina-Ni-CoRefinery
- WodginaMine
- Wolfram CampMine
- WudinnaDeposit (no mine)
- Yabulu-NiRefinery
- YakabindieMine
- Yanco GlenDeposit (no mine)
- YangibanaProject (not producing yet)
- YerillaDeposit (no mine)
- YinnetharraDeposit (no mine)
- YoungDeposit (no mine)
- Young AustralianDeposit (no mine)
- YttriaDeposit (no mine)
One entry per site. Where two sources describe the same site, the atlas lists the record of the source it ranks higher.
Country in context
Lithium: Raw materials (IEA), 2025. All rows come from the same table.
| Country | kt Li | Share of world | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| AustraliaThis country | 104 | 34.3 % | |
| World totalWorld total as the source gives it | 302 | – |
Supply chain
Every figure the sources give for this country, its trade partners per material, and where its sites are.
Production, refining and reserves
The latest year of each series. Share is of the series total: the larger of the source world total and the sum of its rows. Rank counts only the countries that have a number in that series.
| Series | Amount | Share of world | Rank | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 1 of 9 | 92 000 t | 31.7 % | ||
| Lithium: Raw materials (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 1 of 6 | 104 kt Li | 34.3 % | ||
| Lithium: Chemicals (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 4 of 6 | 6 kt Li | 1.9 % | ||
| Lithium: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 2 of 10 | 8 400 000 t | 22.7 % | ||
| Cobalt: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 5 of 12 | 3 700 t | 1.2 % | ||
| Cobalt: Mining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 5 of 6 | 4 kt Co | 1.3 % | ||
| Cobalt: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 2 of 12 | 1 700 000 t | 14.2 % | ||
| Nickel: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 8 of 9 | 45 000 t | 1.2 % | ||
| Nickel: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 2 of 9 | 25 000 000 t | 19.2 % | ||
| Copper: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 8 of 14 | 730 kt | 3.2 % | ||
| Copper: Refinery production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 13 of 17 | 460 kt | 1.6 % | ||
| Copper: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 2 of 14 | 100 000 kt | 10.2 % | ||
| Rare earths: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 3 of 12 | 29 000 t | 7.4 % | ||
| Rare earths: Mining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 4 of 5 | 4 kt REE | 5.0 % | ||
| Rare earths: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 3 of 11 | 6 300 000 t | 7.4 % | ||
| Tungsten: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 8 of 11 | 1 000 t | 1.2 % | ||
| Tungsten: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 2 of 8 | 570 000 t | 12.1 % | ||
| Antimony: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 7 of 15 | 1 300 t | 1.2 % | ||
| Antimony: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 6 of 13 | 110 000 t | 4.6 % |
Mines and plants listed without coordinates · 57
The USGS Minerals Yearbook names these operations in Australia with company, place and annual capacity, but gives no coordinates, so they are not on the map. Capacity is not production. Each row is from the chapter year shown.
| Material and product | Kind | Company, as listed | Place, as listed | Annual capacity | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AntimonyAntimony | Not specified | Costerfield underground antimony-gold mine [AGD Mining, operator (Mandalay Resources Ltd., 100%)] | 50 km southeast of Bendigo, VIC | 4 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| AntimonyAntimony | Not specified | Hillgrove Mine3 (Red River Resources Ltd. 100%) | 25 km east of Armidale, NSW | 10 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CobaltCobalt, mine, Co content | Mine | Murrin Murrin open pit nickel-cobalt mine [Murrin Murrin Operations Pty. Ltd. (Glencore, 100%)] | 60 km east of Leonora, WA | 2 000 metric per year | 2023 | |
| CobaltCobalt, mine, Co content | Mine | Nova-Bollinger mine (IGO Ltd., 100%) | 160 km east-northeast of Norseman, WA | 1 100 metric per year | 2023 | |
| CobaltCobalt, mine, Co content | Mine | Radio Hill underground nickel-cobalt mine and processing plant3 (Artemis Resources Ltd., 100%) | 35 km south of Karratha, WA | 200 metric per year | 2023 | |
| CobaltCobalt, mine, Co content | Mine | Ravensthorpe open pit mine (First Quantum Minerals Ltd., 100%) | 155 km west of Esperance, WA | 1 400 metric per year | 2023 | |
| CobaltCobalt, mine, Co content | Mine | Savannah underground mine (Panoramic Resources Ltd., 100%) | 120 km north of Halls Creek, WA | 250 metric per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Mine production, | Mine | Boddington open pit/underground gold mine (Newmont Mining | 130 km southeast of Perth, WA | 35 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Smelter | Plant | Mount Isa copper smelter (Glencore Plc., 100%) | Mount Isa, QLD | 250 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Refinery | Plant | Olympic Dam copper refinery [Olympic Dam Corp. Pty. Ltd., operator (BHP Group Ltd., 100%)] | Roxby Downs, 80 km north of Woomera, SA | 235 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Smelter | Plant | Olympic Dam copper smelter [Olympic Dam Corp. Pty. Ltd., operator (BHP Group Ltd., 100%)] | Roxby Downs, 80 km north of Woomera, SA | 70 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Refinery | Plant | Townsville copper refinery (Glencore Plc., 100%) | Townsville, QLD | 300 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Cadia Valley mining complex (includes Cadia East, Cadia Hill, and Ridgeway deposits) (Newcrest Mining Ltd., 100%) | 25 km south-southwest of Orange, NSW | 90 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Carrapateena Mine (Oz Mineral Ltd., 100%) | 160 km north of Port Augusta, SA | 65 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Corp., 100%) | not given | 2023 | ||
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | DeGrussa underground gold-copper mine (Sandfire Resources NL, 100%) | 150 km north of Meekatharra, WA | 300 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Eloise underground copper mine (FMR Investments Pty. Ltd., 100%) | 60 km southeast of Cloncurry, QLD | 70 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Ernest Henry open pit/underground copper-gold mine (Glencore Plc., 100%) | 35 km northeast of Cloncurry, QLD | 115 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Mount Gordon open pit copper (solvent extraction-electrowinning) mine (Aditya Birla Minerals Ltd., 100%) | 120 km north of Mount Isa, QLD | 50 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Mount Isa underground copper-lead-zinc-silver mine (includes Enterprise, George Fisher, and Lady Loretta Mines) (Glencore Plc., 100%) | Mount Isa, QLD | 190 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Mount Lyell underground copper-gold mine [Copper Mines of Tasmania Pty. Ltd. (Vedanta Ltd., 100%)] | 2 km northeast of Queenstown, TAS | 35 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Northparkes open pit/underground copper-gold mine (China Molybdenum Co. Ltd., 80%; Sumitomo Metal Mining Oceania Pty. Ltd., 13.3%; SC Mineral Resources Pty. Ltd., 6.7%) | 30 km northwest of Parkes, NSW | 90 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Olympic Dam underground copper-silver-gold-uranium mine [BHP Olympic Dam Corp. Pty. Ltd., operator (BHP Group Ltd., 100%)] | Roxby Downs, 80 km north of Woomera, SA | 235 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| CopperCopper > Cu content | Not specified | Prominent Hill open pit/underground copper-gold mine (BHP Group Ltd., 100%) | 650 km northwest of Adelaide, SA | 140 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| LithiumLithium > Mine, spodumene, concentrate | Mine | Altura lithium mine (Pilbara Minerals Ltd., 100%) | 90 km south of Port Hedland, WA | 220 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| LithiumLithium > Mine, spodumene, concentrate | Mine | Bald Hill lithium and tantalum mine4 (Alita Resources Ltd., 100%) | 50 km southeast of Kambalda, WA | 150 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| LithiumLithium > Mine, spodumene, concentrate | Mine | Greenbushes open pit/underground tantalite-spodumene mine [Talison Lithium Australia Pty. Ltd., operator (Albemarle Corp., 49%; Tianqi Lithium Corp., 26.01%; IGO Ltd., 24.99%)] | 70 km southeast of Bunbury, WA | 740 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| LithiumLithium > Mine, spodumene, concentrate | Mine | Mount Cattlin spodumene mine (Galaxy Resources Ltd., 100%) | 2 km north of Ravensthorpe, WA | 180 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| LithiumLithium > Mine, spodumene, concentrate | Mine | Mount Marion spodumene mine [Reed Industrial Minerals Pty. Ltd. (Mineral Resources Ltd., 50%, and Jiangxi Ganfeng Lithium Co. Ltd., 50%)] | 40 km southwest of Kaloorlie, WA | 600 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| LithiumLithium > Mine, spodumene, concentrate | Mine | Pilgangoora lithium-tantalum mine (Pilbara Minerals Ltd., 100%) | 120 km south of Port Hedland, WA | 580 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| LithiumLithium > Mine, direct shipping ore | Mine | Wodgina Mine [MARBL Lithium Joint Venture (Albemarle Corp., 60%, and Mineral Resources Ltd., 40%)] | 100 km south of Port Hedland, WA | 3 500 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| LithiumLithium > Refinery, hydroxide | Plant | Kemerton Refinery [MARBL Lithium Joint Venture (Albemarle Corp., 60%, and Mineral Resources Ltd., 40%)] | Bunbury, WA | 25 000 metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| LithiumLithium > Refinery, hydroxide | Plant | Kwinana Refinery [Tianqi Lithium Energy Australia Pty. Ltd. (operator) (Tianqi Lithium Corp., 51%, and IGO Ltd., 49%)] | 35 km south of Perth, WA | 24 000 metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Avebury nickel mine and processing plant (includes Bison, North Avebury, Saxon, and West Viking deposits) (Mallee Resources Ltd., 100%) | Near Zeehan, TAS | 7 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Beta Hunt nickel-gold mine (includes Beta Hunt and East Alpha deposits) [Salt Lake Mining Pty. Ltd. (Karora Resources Ltd., 100%)] | 60 km south of Kalgoorlie, WA | 3 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Black Swan underground nickel mine3 (includes Silver Swan deposits) (Poseidon Nickel Ltd., 100%) | 53 km northeast of Kalgoorlie, WA | 10 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Cosmos project3 (includes Odysseus underground nickel mine) (IGO Ltd., 100%) | 50 km north of Leinster, WA | 13 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Forrestania operation (includes Fly Fox and Spotted quoll underground nickel mines and Cosmic Boy concentrator) (IGO Ltd., 100%) | 100 km north of Ravensthorpe, WA | 25 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Kambalda nickel concentrator (BHP Group Ltd., 100%) | 56 km south of Kalgoorlie, WA | 40 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Kambalda nickel mine (includes Cassini, Durkin North, Otter Juan, and Long deposits) (Mincor Resources NL, 100%) | 120 km west of Norseman, WA | 16 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Lake Johnston underground nickel mine3 (includes Maggie Hays, Emily Ann, and Maggie Hays Lake deposits) (Poseidon Nickel Ltd., 100%) | 120 km west of Norseman, WA | 12 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Lanfranchi underground mine (includes Deacon, Schmitz, Tramway,and Winner deposits) (Black Mountain Metals LLC, 50%, and Tembo Capital Management Ltd., 50%) | 42 km south of Kambalda, WA | 10 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Leinster nickel operation (includes Cliffs, Leinster, and Venus mines, and Leinster concentrator) (BHP Group Ltd., 100%) | 10 km north of Leinster, WA | 44 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Mount Keith nickel operation (includes Mount Keith and Yakabine mines, and Mount Keith concentrator) (BHP Group Ltd., 100%) | 70 km south-southeast of Wiluna, WA | 40 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Murrin Murrin open pit nickel-cobalt mine [Murrin Murrin Pty. Ltd. (Glencore Plc., 100%)] | 60 km east of Leonora, WA | 40 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Nova operation (includes Nova underground nickel-cobalt mine and processing plant) (IGO Ltd., 100%) | 160 km east-northeast of Norseman, WA | 28 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Radio Hill underground nickel-cobalt mine and processing plant3 (Artemis Resources Ltd., 100%) | 35 km south of Karratha, WA | 4 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Ravensthorpe open pit mine (First Quantum Minerals Ltd., 100%) | Ravensthorpe, WA | 25 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Mine, Ni content | Mine | Savannah underground mine (Panoramic Resources Ltd., 100%) | 120 km north of Halls Creek, WA | 8 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel > Smelter | Plant | Kalgoorlie nickel smelter (BHP Group Ltd., 100%) | Kalgoorlie, WA | 110 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel—Continued > Refinery | Plant | Kwinana nickel refinery (BHP Group Ltd., 100%) | Kwinana, WA | 83 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| NickelNickel—Continued > Refinery | Plant | Murrin Murrin nickel refinery [Murrin Murrin Pty. Ltd. (Glencore Plc., 100%)] | Murrin Murrin, WA | 45 thousand metric tons per year | 2023 | |
| Rare earthsRare earths > concentrate, rare- | Mine | not given | 2023 | |||
| Rare earthsRare earths > Mine, mineral | Mine | Mount Weld Mine (Lynas Rare Earth Ltd., 100%) | Mount Weld, WA | 21 000 metric per year | 2023 | |
| Rare earthsRare earths > earth-oxide equivalent | Plant | not given | 2023 | |||
| Rare earthsRare earths > Mixed rare-earth carbonate | Plant | Kalgoorlie Rare Earths Processing Facility (Lynas Rare Earth Ltd., 100%) | Kalgoorlie-Boulder, WA | not given | 2023 | |
| TungstenTungsten, mine | Mine | Kara magnetite and scheelite mine (Tasmania Mines Ltd., 100%) | 30 km south of Burnie, TAS | 50 metric per year | 2023 |
Trade partners
2 recorded flows, 2024
- Recorded trade flow; a thicker line is a larger value
- Australia
Lines join the middle of each country. They are not shipping routes.
Reconciled customs data (CEPII BACI), by value. The data holds only the largest flows of each material, so this is not the country’s full trade.
417 sites, deposits and projects on record are listed with the map in the Overview →
Money
What the trade data and the World Bank record in money terms. Every value is a reported figure with its own year.
All recorded trade flows of 2024 under the customs codes that isolate one of the ten materials, by value (CEPII BACI, reconciled estimates, current US dollars). Codes that mix several materials are left out, so trade in those materials is understated; gallium and germanium have no usable code at all. Each material lists its five largest partners. Why trade data blurs some materials
Exports of the ten materials
$11bnin 2024, with 69 partner countries
Copper$8.2bn
China $2.4bn · Japan $1.6bn · Other Asia, nes $745M · Malaysia $684M · Philippines $674M · 31 more
Nickel$2bn
Japan $629M · China $378M · Malaysia $149M · Republic of Korea $140M · United States $138M · 34 more
Rare earths$128M
Malaysia $128M · Philippines $38,512 · New Zealand $29,385 · Switzerland $15,308 · Finland $12,701 · 19 more
Cobalt$101M
Other Asia, nes $71M · Japan $7.3M · Austria $6.6M · United Kingdom $6.2M · United States $3.8M · 16 more
Lithium$61M
China $38M · Republic of Korea $22M · Japan $156,739 · Malaysia $47,483 · Papua New Guinea $15,000 · 9 more
Antimony$54M
China $53M · Mexico $667,333 · Philippines $308,419 · Cyprus $3,818 · United States $2,013 · 2 more
Tungsten$34M
Vietnam $19M · China $6.3M · India $3.3M · United States $2.3M · Netherlands $807,439 · 23 more
Graphite$236,182
China $76,627 · New Zealand $58,022 · Thailand $48,548 · Malaysia $32,018 · United States $9,163 · 17 more
Imports of the ten materials
$332Min 2024, with 46 partner countries
Copper$256M
Sweden $217M · Canada $20M · Republic of Korea $12M · Other Asia, nes $4.8M · Singapore $2.7M · 24 more
Nickel$44M
Canada $18M · Finland $12M · United Kingdom $7.3M · Singapore $3M · Madagascar $1.9M · 17 more
Cobalt$8.7M
China $6.2M · United Kingdom $1.5M · United States $625,363 · India $76,668 · Belgium $73,543 · 10 more
Tungsten$8.6M
United Kingdom $3.9M · China $2.3M · Hong Kong $892,043 · Canada $866,371 · Japan $191,981 · 11 more
Lithium$5.4M
China $3M · Chile $1.1M · Republic of Korea $497,274 · Belgium $335,922 · Netherlands $160,135 · 7 more
Graphite$4.4M
China $1.7M · United States $1M · Germany $551,113 · France $460,687 · India $142,992 · 30 more
Antimony$3.7M
China $2.1M · France $973,297 · Republic of Korea $271,867 · United States $246,806 · Hong Kong $82,724 · 2 more
Rare earths$1.4M
China $583,274 · United Kingdom $336,693 · United States $216,574 · South Africa $81,419 · Canada $75,037 · 12 more
The economy around mining
World Bank indicators. Each has its own latest year, shown next to the value; mineral rents are often several years old.
GDP (current US$)
$1.8tn
Year 2025
Mineral rents (% of GDP)
10%
Year 2021
Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)
35%
Year 2025
Government revenue from extractives
No data yet. Australia has no EITI summary record with a government total. Countries report only if they implement the EITI Standard; a missing record does not mean there is no such revenue.
Investment pipeline
announced figuresPlanned and under-construction projects in Australia with a publicly announced capital cost, public financial backing, or both. Each line is one statement by the named publisher on the given date; the atlas adds nothing to it.
No data yet. The atlas has read no announcement of this kind for a project in Australia. The list is short and hand-read; a missing project is missing from the list, not from the world.
A short, hand-read list, not a census: 19 projects in all. Announced amounts are not spending, a letter of interest or a conditional commitment is not a loan, and amounts stay in the currency of the announcement.
Public support instruments
Stockpiles, price floors, offtake and purchasing programmes and public funds of Australia's government, as dated policy events of the type "public support". Each is one statement by its publisher.
2026-05-21announced · AustraliaOfftakeannounced
Through the Critical Minerals Strategic Reserve the Australian Government gave a non-binding commitment to secure rare earths from the Nolans project of Arafura Rare Earths.
Covers: “500 tonnes of rare earths” · Materials: Rare earths
The publisher's words: “The Government has provided a non-binding commitment to secure 500 tonnes of rare earths from the project, through the Reserve”
2 further statements from the source
funding committed to the reserve
The publisher's words: “The Government has committed $1.2 billion to establish”
product
The publisher's words: “The Nolans project will produce neodymium-praseodymium oxide, or NdPr”
2026-01-12announced · AustraliaStockpileannounced
The Australian Government announced the design of its Critical Minerals Strategic Reserve, which secures rights to minerals produced in Australia and on-sells them, with some selective stockpiling.
AUD 1.2 bn · “$1.2 billion”
Covers: “antimony, gallium and rare earth elements” · Materials: Antimony, Gallium, Rare earths
The publisher's words: “The first minerals to be the focus of the Strategic Reserve will be antimony, gallium and rare earth elements”
4 further statements from the source
size of the reserve
The publisher's words: “new details of its $1.2 billion Critical Minerals Strategic Reserve”
how it operates
The publisher's words: “The Reserve will operate by securing rights to minerals produced in Australia and on-selling those rights to meet demand”
transactions drawn from the Critical Minerals Facility
The publisher's words: “The Reserve includes $1 billion for transactions to be drawn from the expanded $5 billion Critical Minerals Facility”
stockpiling share
The publisher's words: “A further $185 million has been allocated for selective stockpiling of minerals”
2025-10-20signed · United States and AustraliaFundannounced
Bilateral, non-binding framework in which both governments commit financing for critical minerals and rare earths projects and name price floors as a possible pricing tool.
USD 1 bn · “at least $1 billion in financing to projects located in each of the United States and Australia”
Covers: “critical minerals and rare earths” · Materials: Rare earths
The publisher's words: “the Participants are taking measures to provide at least $1 billion in financing to projects located in each of the United States and Australia”
2 further statements from the source
price floors named
The publisher's words: “within a pricing framework including price floors or similar measures”
non-binding character
The publisher's words: “does not constitute or create any legally binding or enforceable obligations, express or implied”
Mining companies headquartered here · 48
Companies that Wikidata places in the mining industry with headquarters in Australia, for every commodity, not only the ten materials. Wikidata is edited by volunteers: entries may be missing or out of date, and each name links to its item. A listing names an exchange and a ticker; it is not a price.
| Company | Headquarters | Stock listing | LEI | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allegiance Mining | Sydney | Australian Securities Exchange: AGM | — | |
| Allkemnamed at 2 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Brisbane | Toronto Stock Exchange: AKE | — | |
| Arrium | Sydney | Australian Securities Exchange: ARI | — | |
| Australian Agricultural Company | Brisbane | Australian Securities Exchange: AAC | 549300Y00F9KT5JNIE98 | |
| BHP Groupnamed at 26 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Melbourne | Australian Securities Exchange: BHPLondon Stock Exchange: BHPNew York Stock Exchange: BBLNew York Stock Exchange: BHP | WZE1WSENV6JSZFK0JC28 | |
| Dragon Mining | Perth | Hong Kong Stock Exchange: 1712 | 529900REQQUBNA72L685 | |
| Fortescue Ltd | Perth | Australian Securities Exchange: FMGOTC Markets Group: FSUMF | 529900VEJFORCO6I4826 | |
| Galaxy Resourcesnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Australia | Australian Securities Exchange: GXY | 2549000PB9F7T41BCD86 | |
| Iluka Resourcesnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Perth | Australian Securities Exchange: ILU | 2549009N2Y1F4YNB0955 | |
| Incitec Pivot | Melbourne | Australian Securities Exchange: IPL | — | |
| Lanka Graphite Limited | Melbourne | Australian Securities Exchange: LGR | — | |
| Lynas | Sydney | Australian Securities Exchange: LYC | 529900SGT9M1FJPXXI35 | |
| Macmahon Holdings | Perth | Australian Securities Exchange: MAH | 52990031UMN8E6ARZC86 | |
| Newcrest Miningnamed at 5 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Melbourne | Australian Securities Exchange: NCMToronto Stock Exchange | 5299006MN50OZJUJI655 | |
| Orica | Melbourne | Australian Securities Exchange: ORI | — | |
| Seven Group Holdings | Pyrmont | Australian Securities Exchange: SVW | — | |
| Siren Gold | Perth | Australian Securities Exchange: SNG | 529900ZUCG2XCQN7KP31 | |
| Solomon Gold | Brisbane | London Stock Exchange: SOLGOTC Markets Group: SLGGF | — | |
| South32 | Perth | Australian Securities Exchange: S32London Stock Exchange | 213800LAZNPXSBKVHR17 | |
| Tiger Resourcesnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Balcatta | Toronto Stock Exchange | 529900NCE058R0IWAS47 | |
| WPG Resources Ltd | Sydney Central Business District | Australian Securities Exchange: WPG | — | |
| Albatec | Kalgoorlie | — | — | |
| Bulga Coal | Singleton | — | — | |
| Compass Resources | Sydney | — | — | |
| Conquest Mining | Australia | — | — | |
| Cu-River Mining | Adelaide | — | — | |
| Energy Transition Minerals | Perth | — | 2138001B6GB5GWN9MS46 | |
| Hancock Prospecting | Perth | — | 894500P9NT8ZPNHVN816 | |
| International Ferro Metals | Sydney | — | — | |
| Laguna Resources | West Perth | — | — | |
| Macarthur Coal | Brisbane | — | — | |
| MASPRO | Condobolin | — | — | |
| Ministry of Gems | Sydney | — | — | |
| OZ Mineralsnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Adelaide | — | 529900O2VBT5CL7EZT27 | |
| Pasminco | Melbourne | — | — | |
| Pilbara Iron | Perth | — | — | |
| Protective Fencing | Somersby | — | — | |
| QCoal | Brisbane | — | 254900IKILMEJ84GS716 | |
| Ramelius Resources Ltd | Sydney | — | — | |
| Rico Resources | Perth | — | — | |
| Rio Tinto Coal Australia | Brisbane | — | — | |
| Roy Hill Holdings | Perth Airport | — | 894500KNOFBDJPS0AC08 | |
| RSC | Perth | — | — | |
| Sons of Gwalia | West Perth | — | — | |
| Sundance Resources | Perth | — | 5299003689LO8167IY49 | |
| Valence Industries | Adelaide | — | — | |
| WesTrac | South Guildford | — | 254900Q6JHU4ZXAKWY76 | |
| Wolf Minerals | Perth | — | 213800F9EQEDKGDKZM06 |
These figures are informational, not financial advice.
Sustainability
Four indicators, the same on every profile. Each is a figure with its unit, year and source, or a plain statement that there is none.
Carbon
Emissions intensity of the country's electricity grid.
518gCO2e/kWh
Higher than 59% of the other 208 countries with a grid figure.
- It describes the national grid, not mining or refining. Sites may run on their own power.
Water
Share of the country's mine sites on record that lie in high or extremely high baseline water stress.
9.8%of mine sites on record
No world percentile: the number of sites on record differs too much between countries to compare them.
- 12 of 123 sites with a class (123 mine and brine sites on record).
- Counted by site, not by tonnage: it is not a share of production.
- "Arid and Low Water Use" is a class of its own in the source and is not counted as high.
Land
Land visibly used by mining in the country, every commodity together.
8 483km²
Higher than 99% of the other 143 countries with a mapped mining area.
- Rank 3 of 144 countries by area.
- Mapped from satellite images for all mining in a country. It cannot be attributed to one material or one site.
Circularity
Recycling's share of demand.
Not available per country: recycling rates in the atlas are published per material, for the EU as a whole.
There is no overall score: the four figures measure different things and are not added up. How to read these figures
Risks & policy
Export controls in force
Compiled by USGS, effective January 2026. Not a live feed.
USGS Table 4 lists no export control by this country for the materials in the atlas.
Chokepoints at sea
The atlas has no record of which minerals pass through which sea passage, so no chokepoint figure is attached to this profile. Current ship counts for the main passages are on the Live page. Open the Live page
Gaps
What the atlas is missing for Australia
Computed from the data. Each line names a record that exists and one that does not. It marks missing data, not missing industry.
- A tungsten producer (1.2% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
- Trade is partial by design: the atlas holds only each material's largest flows. 10 of them name this country.
Sources
Every source this profile uses, with its licence, the years its figures describe and how sure the figures are. Each chip on the profile opens the single record.
- Geoscience Australia critical minerals 2025 ↗255 records used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2025
- Confidence
- Reported
- Geoscience Australia operating mines 2025 ↗75 records used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2025
- Confidence
- Reported
- USGS Minerals Yearbook, Vol. III ↗57 records used
- Licence
- Public domain (U.S. Government work)
- As of
- 2023
- Confidence
- Estimated
- WU Vienna mine database v1.0.3 ↗35 records used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2022
- Confidence
- Reported
- Geoscience Australia plants 2026 ↗32 records used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2026
- Confidence
- Reported
- OpenStreetMap (Overpass) ↗20 records used
- Licence
- ODbL-1.0
- As of
- 2026
- Confidence
- Estimated
- USGS MCS 2026 ↗16 records used
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
- As of
- 2025
- Confidence
- Reported · Estimated
- CEPII BACI 202601 ↗12 records used
- Licence
- Etalab Open Licence 2.0
- As of
- 2024
- Confidence
- Estimated
- IEA GCMO 2026 ↗12 records used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2025
- Confidence
- Reported
- World Bank WDI ↗3 records used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2021–2025
- Confidence
- Reported
- Ember Yearly Electricity Data ↗1 record used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2025
- Confidence
- Reported
- Maus et al. 2022 (mining areas v2) ↗1 record used
- Licence
- CC-BY-SA-4.0
- As of
- 2019
- Confidence
- Estimated
- Wikidata ↗1 record used
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
- As of
- 2026
- Confidence
- Inferred, needs review
- WRI Aqueduct 4.0 ↗1 record used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2023
- Confidence
- Estimated
The mining-area figure comes from a share-alike source (CC-BY-SA-4.0). It is kept in its own file under that licence, apart from the rest of the atlas's data.
History & talk
Revision history and discussion are coming soon.
Every change to a figure will be listed here with its source, its credit and its review, and each profile will have a place to discuss it. Until then the data changes only when a source is updated, and every figure links to that source.
What we don't know yet
No open source we may use gives these figures. Nothing is estimated to fill them. If you know a public source, add it.
- Import dependence: no open per-country series is loaded yet.Add data: Import dependence: no open per-country series is loaded yet.
- Recycling rates: Eurostat publishes them for the EU as a whole, not for one country.Add data: Recycling rates: Eurostat publishes them for the EU as a whole, not for one country.