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United States

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United States mined 13% (USGS) of the world's rare earths in 2025 (estimated) and refined 5.6% (IEA).

13%

of the world's rare earths mining in 2025 (estimated), according to USGS · about 1 in 10

#2 in rare earths miningANNUAL 2025

  • Materials with a production share

    6

    with a mining or refining share on record

  • Sites on record

    49

    Mines and plants in the open sources. Coverage is partial.

  • Exports of the ten materials

    $6.8bn

    2024; most of it copper; 122 partner countries

  • Grid emissions intensity

    384gCO2e/kWh

    2025

Overview

What it produces

Share of world output, per material and stage. Each bar is one source's figure; where two sources report the same stage, both are shown and never blended. A full-width bar would be 100%.

  • Rare earths· Mine

    • 13%about 1 in 10#2 in rare earths miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 51 000 t

      Rank 2 of the 12 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

    • 8.8%about 1 in 10#3 in rare earths miningIEA, 2025 · 7 kt REE

      Rank 3 of the 5 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

  • Rare earths· Refine

    • 5.6%about 1 in 20#2 in rare earths refiningIEA, 2025 · 5 kt REE

      Rank 2 of the 5 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

  • Copper· Mine

    • 4.7%about 1 in 20#6 in copper miningIEA, 2025 · 1 101 kt Cu

      Rank 6 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

    • 4.3%about 1 in 20#6 in copper miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 1 000 kt

      Rank 6 of the 14 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

  • Copper· Refine

    • 2.9%#6 in copper refiningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 850 kt

      Rank 6 of the 17 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

  • Graphite· Refine

    • 0.6%#4 in graphite refiningIEA, 2025 · 13 kt

      Rank 4 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

  • Lithium· Refine

    • 0.3%#6 in lithium refiningIEA, 2025 · 1 kt Li

      Rank 6 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

  • Nickel· Mine

    • 0.3%#9 in nickel miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 10 000 t

      Rank 9 of the 9 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

  • Cobalt· Mine

    • 0.1%#12 in cobalt miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 300 t

      Rank 12 of the 12 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

Key facts

Country code
USA
GDP
$30.8tn (2025)
Mineral rents, share of GDP
0.1% (2021)
Ores and metals, share of goods exports
3% (2025)
Mining area, all commodities
8 189 km² (2019; rank 4 of 144)
Named in the sources as
USA; United States of America

Money →Sustainability →Risks & policy →

Map

Basemap: Natural Earth (public domain)
  • United States
  • Mine or brine operation
  • Processing site

Sites are those in the open sources. A site missing here is missing from the sources, not from the world.

Sites on record · 49

49 of 49 shown

One entry per site. Where two sources describe the same site, the atlas lists the record of the source it ranks higher.

Country in context

Rare earths: Mine production, 2025 (estimated). All rows come from the same table.

Country in context: Rare earths, Mine production, 2025
Countrymetric tonsShare of worldSource
United StatesThis country51 00013.1 %
ChinaLargest producer in the table270 00069.2 %
World totalWorld total as the source gives it390 000–

Supply chain

Every figure the sources give for this country, its trade partners per material, and where its sites are.

Production, refining and reserves

The latest year of each series. Share is of the series total: the larger of the source world total and the sum of its rows. Rank counts only the countries that have a number in that series.

Production, refining and reserves: United States
SeriesAmountShare of worldSource
Lithium: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026Withheld by source–
Lithium: Chemicals (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 6 of 61 kt Li0.3 %
Lithium: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 4 of 104 400 000 t11.9 %
Cobalt: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 12 of 12300 t0.1 %
Cobalt: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 12 of 1270 000 t0.6 %
Nickel: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 9 of 910 000 t0.3 %
Nickel: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 9 of 9340 000 t0.3 %
Copper: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 6 of 141 000 kt4.3 %
Copper: Mining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 6 of 61 101 kt Cu4.7 %
Copper: Refinery production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 6 of 17850 kt2.9 %
Copper: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 7 of 1447 000 kt4.8 %
Graphite: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026Nil (—) in source–
Graphite: Refined battery-grade supply (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 4 of 613 kt0.6 %
Graphite: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026Less than half a unit–
Rare earths: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 2 of 1251 000 t13.1 %
Rare earths: Mining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 3 of 57 kt REE8.8 %
Rare earths: Refining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 2 of 55 kt REE5.6 %
Rare earths: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 6 of 111 900 000 t2.2 %
Gallium: Primary production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026Nil (—) in source–
Gallium: Production capacity2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026Nil (—) in source–
Tungsten: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026Nil (—) in source–
Tungsten: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026Not available–
Antimony: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026Withheld by source–
Antimony: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 9 of 1360 000 t2.5 %

Trade partners

5 recorded flows, 2024

Basemap: Natural Earth (public domain)
  • Recorded trade flow; a thicker line is a larger value
  • United States

Lines join the middle of each country. They are not shipping routes.

Recorded trade flows of United States: Copper
PartnerMaterialYearValue, US$Source
Import fromChileCopperRefine2024$5.8bn
Export toMexicoCopperMine2024$1.5bn
Export toMexicoCopperRefine2024$1.3bn
Import fromCanadaCopperRefine2024$1.3bn
Export toChinaCopperMine2024$1.1bn

Reconciled customs data (CEPII BACI), by value. The data holds only the largest flows of each material, so this is not the country’s full trade.

49 sites, deposits and projects on record are listed with the map in the Overview →

Money

What the trade data and the World Bank record in money terms. Every value is a reported figure with its own year.

All recorded trade flows of 2024 under the customs codes that isolate one of the ten materials, by value (CEPII BACI, reconciled estimates, current US dollars). Codes that mix several materials are left out, so trade in those materials is understated; gallium and germanium have no usable code at all. Each material lists its five largest partners. Why trade data blurs some materials

Exports of the ten materials

$6.8bnin 2024, with 122 partner countries

Imports of the ten materials

$12bnin 2024, with 81 partner countries

The economy around mining

World Bank indicators. Each has its own latest year, shown next to the value; mineral rents are often several years old.

  • GDP (current US$)

    $30.8tn

    Year 2025

  • Mineral rents (% of GDP)

    0.1%

    Year 2021

  • Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)

    3%

    Year 2025

Government revenue from extractives

EITI, reported

What government agencies reported receiving from extractive companies, per fiscal year, as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) publishes it in US dollars. A total covers every sector the country's report covers and is not split by mineral.

$7.8bnlatest reported fiscal year, 2015

Sectors in the report: mining, oil, gas · Period: 2015-01-01 – 2015-12-31

All 3 reported years
Fiscal yearGovernment revenue (US$)Sectors in the reportCountry fileSource
20152015-01-01 – 2015-12-317 803 271 935mining, oil, gassummary file
20142014-01-01 – 2014-12-3112 646 673 553mining, oil, gassummary file
20132013-01-01 – 2013-12-3124 482 200 906mining, oil, gassummary file

EITI reports lag by two to four years. The figure is the report's own total and is not adjusted for inflation. Republished under EITI's Content Use Policy with credit to the EITI International Secretariat, eiti.org. These figures are kept in a file of their own and are not part of the atlas's ODbL data. EITI open data

Investment pipeline

announced figures

Planned and under-construction projects in United States with a publicly announced capital cost, public financial backing, or both. Each line is one statement by the named publisher on the given date; the atlas adds nothing to it.

  • Arctic ProjectPlannedMine

    Ambler Metals LLC · northwestern Alaska · Copper

    “targeting a Record of Decision in September 2028” · status as printed on 2026-10-02

    Announced capital cost

    USD 1.18 bn2023-02-14

    Initial capital expenditure (2023 Arctic feasibility study); sustaining capital and closure are separate figures · Trilogy Metals Inc.

    The publisher's words: “Initial capital expenditure is $1,176.8 million and sustaining capital is $114.4 million”
    Public backing
    • USD 35.6 MEquity · “Closing” · 2026-10-02

      U.S. Department of War

      The publisher's words: “Closing of the DOW $35.6 million strategic equity investment subsequent to quarter end on September 11, 2026.”
  • Elk Creek ProjectPlannedMine and processing

    NioCorp Developments Ltd. · southeast Nebraska · Rare earths

    “subject to satisfactory completion of EXIM’s current due diligence review of NioCorp’s application for debt financing” · status as printed on 2026-10-15

    Announced capital cost

    USD 1.85 bn2026-08-10

    Upfront Capital Estimate (2026 Feasibility Study); table row: Total Upfront CAPEX ($M) $1,849 · NioCorp Developments Ltd.

    The publisher's words: “Upfront Capital Estimate of $1.85 Billion Reflects a Substantially Redesigned Processing Plant and Mining Operation”
    Public backing
    • no amount statedOther support · “letter of support” · 2026-10-15

      Export-Import Bank of the United States

      The publisher's words: “The Export-Import Bank of the United States’ letter of support marks an important step towards making the Elk Creek Critical Minerals Project a reality”
    • no amount statedOther support · “target ... of providing debt financing equivalent to approximately 65% of the Project’s upfront CAPEX requirements” · 2026-10-15

      Export-Import Bank of the United States

      The publisher's words: “EXIM retains our target outlined in the Preliminary Project Letter of providing debt financing equivalent to approximately 65% of the Project’s upfront CAPEX requirements”
  • Graphite Creek ProjectPlannedMine

    Graphite One Inc. · north of Nome, Alaska · Graphite

    “Management’s current plan is for graphite to be mined” · status as printed on 2025-11-13

    Announced capital cost

    No announced capital cost was read.

    Public backing
    • USD 670 MLetter of interest · “Letter of Interest” · 2026-01-05

      Export-Import Bank of the United States

      The publisher's words: “approving a $670 million Letter of Interest for Graphite One Inc. (G1) to support financing of the Company's Graphite Creek Project”
    • no amount statedLetter of interest · “non-binding and conditional and does not represent a financing commitment” · 2025-12-18

      Export-Import Bank of the United States

      The publisher's words: “Investors should be aware that the LoI is non-binding and conditional and does not represent a financing commitment.”
    • USD 37.5 MGrant · “drew down the remaining” · 2025-11-13

      U.S. Department of Defense (Defense Production Act)

      The publisher's words: “the U.S. Department of Defense’s $37.5 million Technology Investment Agreement grant under the Defense Production Act”
  • Rhyolite Ridge Lithium-Boron ProjectPlannedMine and processing

    Ioneer · Nevada · Lithium

    “the Board will be positioned to consider a Final Investment Decision (FID)” · status as printed on 2026-08

    Announced capital cost

    USD 1.68 bn2025-10-29

    AACE Class 2 capital cost estimate (-10%, +15%) including a 10% contingency; table row: Initial capital expenditure (including contingencies) US$M 1,683.2 · Ioneer

    The publisher's words: “U.S.$1,683 million – AACE Class 2 capital cost estimate (-10%, +15%) including a 10% contingency”
    Public backing
    • USD 996 MLoan · “closed” · 2025-12-19

      U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Dominance Financing (formerly Loan Programs Office)

      The publisher's words: “In January, Rhyolite Ridge closed a US$996 million loan with the U.S. Department of Energy”
    • no amount statedLoan · “has conditions to first draw” · 2025-12-19

      U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Dominance Financing (formerly Loan Programs Office)

      The publisher's words: “$968 million in principal and $28 million in capitalised interest and has conditions to first draw”
  • South West Arkansas ProjectPlannedMine and processing

    Smackover Lithium · southern Arkansas · Lithium

    “expects to take FID by the end of the first quarter of 2027” · status as printed on 2026-11-13

    Announced capital cost

    USD 1.45 bn2026-11-13

    All-in Class III capex estimate (Definitive Feasibility Study), includes a 12.3% contingency · Standard Lithium Ltd.

    The publisher's words: “All-in Class III capex estimate of $1.45 billion includes a 12.3% Monte Carlo risked contingency.”
    Public backing
    • USD 225 MGrant · “closed” · 2025-01-16

      U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Manufacturing & Energy Supply Chains

      The publisher's words: “has closed the US$225 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy’s”
  • Stibnite Gold ProjectUnder constructionMine and processing

    Perpetua Resources Corp. · Valley County, Idaho · Antimony

    “early works construction; Final Investment Decision expected in the second half of 2026” · status as printed on 2026-05-11

    Announced capital cost

    USD 2.58 bn2026-03-31

    Initial Capital, including contingency; exclusive of pre-production revenue (Technical Report Summary as of December 31, 2025) · Perpetua Resources Corp.

    The publisher's words: “Initial Capital, reflects estimated total capital expenditures of $2,576 million as of December 31, 2025, including a contingency of $191.9 million”
    Public backing
    • USD 2.7 bnLoan · “unanimously agreed to notify Congress of a proposed” · 2026-03-31

      Export-Import Bank of the United States

      The publisher's words: “unanimously agreed to notify Congress of a proposed $2.7 billion senior secured long-term loan”
    • USD 2.9 bnLoan · “unanimously approved” · 2026-05-21

      Export-Import Bank of the United States

      The publisher's words: “has unanimously approved a $2.9 billion senior secured long-term loan”
  • Thacker PassUnder constructionMine and processing

    Lithium Americas Corp. · Humboldt County, Nevada · Lithium

    “major construction of the processing plant at Thacker Pass Phase 1” · status as printed on 2026-05-14

    Announced capital cost

    USD 2.93 bn2026-05-14

    total Capex estimate per the Company's Technical Report (effective December 31, 2024), Thacker Pass Phase 1; source says it did not include any exposure to tariffs · Lithium Americas Corp.

    The publisher's words: “of which $1.1 billion is part of the total Capex estimate of $2.93 billion per the Company’s Technical Report.”
    Public backing
    • USD 2.26 bnLoan · “closed” · 2025-03-28

      U.S. Department of Energy, Loan Programs Office

      The publisher's words: “Loan Programs Office closed a $2.26 billion loan under the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program”
    • no amount statedEquity · “restructured its deal; 5% equity ownership in the form of LAC warrants” · 2025-09-30

      U.S. Department of Energy, Loan Programs Office

      The publisher's words: “The new terms provide the U.S. Government with 5% equity ownership in the form of LAC warrants”
    • USD 2.23 bnLoan · “Project financing for Phase 1 includes a $2.23 billion loan” · 2026-05-14

      U.S. Department of Energy

      The publisher's words: “Project financing for Phase 1 includes a $2.23 billion loan from the U.S. DOE and strategic investments from GM and Orion.”
  • U.S. SmelterPlannedProcessing

    Korea Zinc · Clarksville, Tennessee · Copper, Antimony, Gallium, Germanium

    “Full-scale construction will start in 2027” · status as printed on 2025-12-15

    Announced capital cost

    USD 6.6 bn2025-12-15

    capital expenditures; total planned investment of $7.4 billion including working capital and financing costs · Korea Zinc

    The publisher's words: “is expected to have $6.6 billion in capital expenditures, with a total planned investment of $7.4 billion including working capital and financing costs”
    Public backing
    • USD 1.4 bnOther support · “conditional investment” · 2025-12-15

      U.S. Department of War

      The publisher's words: “The Department of War’s conditional investment of $1.4 billion to build the first U.S.-based zinc smelter and critical minerals processing facility”
    • USD 2.15 bnOther support · “arranged by the U.S. Department of War together with investors” · 2025-12-15

      U.S. Department of War together with investors

      The publisher's words: “Approximately $2.15 billion, arranged by the U.S. Department of War together with investors, will be invested in the smelter construction.”
    • USD 210 MGrant · “will provide $210 million in award funding” · 2025-12-15

      U.S. Department of Commerce (CHIPS Act)

      The publisher's words: “The U.S. Department of Commerce will provide $210 million in award funding under the CHIPS Act for U.S. equipment procurement and other purposes.”

A short, hand-read list, not a census: 19 projects in all. Announced amounts are not spending, a letter of interest or a conditional commitment is not a loan, and amounts stay in the currency of the announcement.

Public support instruments

Stockpiles, price floors, offtake and purchasing programmes and public funds of United States's government, as dated policy events of the type "public support". Each is one statement by its publisher.

  • 2026-02-02announced · United StatesStockpileannounced

    The Export-Import Bank approved a direct loan for Project Vault, a public-private partnership that is to establish a U.S. Strategic Critical Minerals Reserve storing raw materials for manufacturers.

    USD 10 bn · “a Direct Loan of up to $10 billion”

    Covers: “essential raw materials”

    The publisher's words: “the EXIM Board of Directors approved a Direct Loan of up to $10 billion to Project Vault”
    4 further statements from the source

    what it establishes

    The publisher's words: “a supply chain security initiative establishing the U.S. Strategic Critical Minerals Reserve”

    storage

    The publisher's words: “that will store essential raw materials in facilities across the United States”

    borrower structure

    The publisher's words: “providing long-term financing to a partnership between original equipment manufacturers and private sector capital providers”

    later EXIM release of May 4, 2026 restating the loan

    The publisher's words: “The transaction includes a direct loan of up to $10 billion”
  • 2026-01-14signed · United StatesPrice floorannounced

    Presidential proclamation under section 232 directing negotiations on imports of processed critical minerals, in which price floors for trade in critical minerals are to be considered.

    Covers: “processed critical minerals and their derivative products (PCMDPs)”

    The publisher's words: “the Secretary and the Trade Representative should consider price floors for trade in critical minerals and other trade-restricting measures”
  • 2025-10-28signed · United States and JapanOther supportannounced

    Bilateral, non-binding framework on financial support, pricing measures and a possible complementary stockpiling arrangement for critical minerals and rare earths.

    Covers: “critical minerals and rare earths” · Materials: Rare earths

    The publisher's words: “The Participants intend to work together to consider a mutually complementary stockpiling arrangement, utilizing existing national systems”
    2 further statements from the source

    pricing measures

    The publisher's words: “pricing measures to support alternative projects and such high-standard markets”

    financial support within six months

    The publisher's words: “the Participants intend to take measures to provide financial support to selected projects”
  • 2025-10-20signed · United States and AustraliaFundannounced

    Bilateral, non-binding framework in which both governments commit financing for critical minerals and rare earths projects and name price floors as a possible pricing tool.

    USD 1 bn · “at least $1 billion in financing to projects located in each of the United States and Australia”

    Covers: “critical minerals and rare earths” · Materials: Rare earths

    The publisher's words: “the Participants are taking measures to provide at least $1 billion in financing to projects located in each of the United States and Australia”
    2 further statements from the source

    price floors named

    The publisher's words: “within a pricing framework including price floors or similar measures”

    non-binding character

    The publisher's words: “does not constitute or create any legally binding or enforceable obligations, express or implied”
  • 2025-07announced · United StatesPrice floorannounced

    In a public-private partnership with MP Materials, the Department of Defense committed to a price floor for neodymium-praseodymium, with direct payments to the company when prices fall below it.

    Covers: “per kilogram of Nd-Pr” · Materials: Rare earths

    The publisher's words: “commit to an REE price floor, offering direct payments to MP Materials if prices fall below $110 per kilogram of Nd-Pr”
  • 2025-03-20signed · United StatesLoan programmein force

    Executive Order 14241 delegates Defense Production Act loan authority for domestic mineral production to the development finance corporation and orders a plan for a dedicated mineral production fund.

    Covers: “a critical mineral, as defined by 30 U.S.C. 1606(a)(3), as well as uranium, copper, potash, gold” · Materials: Copper

    The publisher's words: “establish a dedicated mineral and mineral production fund for domestic investments executed by the DFC”
    3 further statements from the source

    limit of the delegated loan authority

    The publisher's words: “The loan authority delegated by this order is limited to loans that create, maintain, protect, expand, or restore domestic mineral production”

    Export-Import Bank guidance on offtake financing

    The publisher's words: “to secure United States offtake of global raw mineral feedstock for domestic minerals processing”

    minerals covered (definition)

    The publisher's words: “means a critical mineral, as defined by 30 U.S.C. 1606(a)(3), as well as uranium, copper, potash, gold”
  • 2024-08-29published · United StatesStockpileannounced

    Federal Register notice seeking comments on the proposed fiscal year 2026 plan for National Defense Stockpile acquisitions, including antimony, tungsten and neodymium-praseodymium oxide.

    Covers: “Proposed Fiscal Year 2026 Annual Materials Plan (potential acquisitions, conversions and disposals of the National Defense Stockpile)” · Materials: Antimony, Tungsten, Rare earths

    The publisher's words: “is seeking public comments on the potential market impact of proposed changes to the Fiscal Year (FY) 2026 Annual Materials Plan (AMP)”
    4 further statements from the source

    potential acquisition: antimony, 700 metric tons

    The publisher's words: “Antimony....................................... MT............................... 700”

    potential acquisition: tungsten, 587,000 lbs W

    The publisher's words: “Tungsten....................................... Lbs W............................ 587,000”

    potential acquisition: NdPr oxide, 300 metric tons

    The publisher's words: “Neodymium-Praseodymium Oxide................... MT............................... 300”

    nature of the stockpile

    The publisher's words: “The NDS is a strategic stockpile, not an economic stockpile. It is not intended to influence prices in the market”

Mining companies headquartered here · 31

Companies that Wikidata places in the mining industry with headquarters in United States, for every commodity, not only the ten materials. Wikidata is edited by volunteers: entries may be missing or out of date, and each name links to its item. A listing names an exchange and a ticker; it is not a price.

CompanyHeadquartersStock listingLEISource
3MMaplewoodNew York Stock Exchange: MMMLUZQVYP4VS22CLWDAR65
Alpha Natural ResourcesBristolNew York Stock Exchange: AMR549300C9E158C3V6PT51
Boart LongyearSalt Lake City; South JordanAustralian Securities Exchange: BLY—
Coeur MiningChicagoNew York Stock Exchange: CDEToronto Stock Exchange5493003AVK173D48DR70
Compass MineralsOverland ParkNew York Stock Exchange: CMP2549008X9G8XP7YJGC47
Foundation CoalLinthicumNew York Stock Exchange: ANR549300C9E158C3V6PT51
Freeport-McMoRannamed at 12 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiaryPhoenixNew York Stock Exchange: FCX549300IRDTHJQ1PVET45
Hecla MiningCoeur d'AleneNew York Stock Exchange: HL5493009Y6HOBZD1QD537
Martin Marietta MaterialsRaleighNew York Stock Exchange: MLM5299005MZ4WZECVATV08
Newmont Mining Corporationnamed at 9 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiaryDenverNew York Stock Exchange: NEMToronto Stock Exchange: NGT549300VSP3RIX7FGDZ51
Royal GoldDenverNasdaq: RGLDToronto Stock Exchange5493001NGRU6SFL04184
Southern Copper Corporationnamed at 3 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiaryPhoenixNew York Stock Exchange: SCCO2549007U6NAP46Q9TU15
Tahoe Resourcesnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiaryRenoNew York Stock Exchange: TAHOToronto Stock Exchange: THO—
TronoxOklahoma CityNew York Stock Exchange: TROX—
Alaska-Juneau Gold Mining CompanySan Francisco——
Basic Magnesium, Inc.Henderson——
DaxconBartonville——
Doe Run Companynamed at 2 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiarySt. Louis——
GE TransportationChicago; Heller International Building——
Gogebic TaconiteFlorida——
Kennecott Utah CopperUtah——
Koza İpek Holding CompanyUnited States——
Modular Mining SystemsTucson——
National Mining AssociationWashington, D.C.——
North American Coal CorporationDallas—549300LDIX1UB5J1DN27
P&H MiningMilwaukee——
Patriot CoalSt. Louis—549300RPU141JK9GI185
Rea Magnet WireFort Wayne—H0L21M06T0LTE142E825
Rosario Mining CompanyNew York City——
VictaulicEaston——
XS PlatinumSeattle——

These figures are informational, not financial advice.

Sustainability

Four indicators, the same on every profile. Each is a figure with its unit, year and source, or a plain statement that there is none.

  • Carbon

    Emissions intensity of the country's electricity grid.

    384gCO2e/kWh

    2025Reported

    Higher than 42% of the other 208 countries with a grid figure.

    • It describes the national grid, not mining or refining. Sites may run on their own power.
  • Water

    Share of the country's mine sites on record that lie in high or extremely high baseline water stress.

    33%of mine sites on record

    2023Estimated

    No world percentile: the number of sites on record differs too much between countries to compare them.

    • 16 of 48 sites with a class (48 mine and brine sites on record).
    • Counted by site, not by tonnage: it is not a share of production.
    • "Arid and Low Water Use" is a class of its own in the source and is not counted as high.
  • Land

    Land visibly used by mining in the country, every commodity together.

    8 189km²

    2019Estimated

    Higher than 98% of the other 143 countries with a mapped mining area.

    • Rank 4 of 144 countries by area.
    • Mapped from satellite images for all mining in a country. It cannot be attributed to one material or one site.
  • Circularity

    Recycling's share of demand.

    Not available per country: recycling rates in the atlas are published per material, for the EU as a whole.

There is no overall score: the four figures measure different things and are not added up. How to read these figures

Risks & policy

Export controls in force

Compiled by USGS, effective January 2026. Not a live feed.

USGS Table 4 lists no export control by this country for the materials in the atlas.

Chokepoints at sea

The atlas has no record of which minerals pass through which sea passage, so no chokepoint figure is attached to this profile. Current ship counts for the main passages are on the Live page. Open the Live page

Gaps

What the atlas is missing for United States

Computed from the data. Each line names a record that exists and one that does not. It marks missing data, not missing industry.

  • Listed as a lithium refiner (0.3% of world output; Chemicals (IEA), 2025), but no processing plant is on record.
  • A cobalt producer (0.1% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
  • Listed as a graphite refiner (0.6% of world output; Refined battery-grade supply (IEA), 2025), but no processing plant is on record.
  • Listed as a rare earths producer (13% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no mine is on record.
  • Listed as a rare earths refiner (5.6% of world output; Refining (IEA), 2025), but no processing plant is on record.
  • A rare earths producer (13% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
  • Trade is partial by design: the atlas holds only each material's largest flows. 62 of them name this country.

Add dataAll gaps, across materials

Sources

Every source this profile uses, with its licence, the years its figures describe and how sure the figures are. Each chip on the profile opens the single record.

The mining-area figure comes from a share-alike source (CC-BY-SA-4.0). It is kept in its own file under that licence, apart from the rest of the atlas's data.

History & talk

Revision history and discussion are coming soon.

Every change to a figure will be listed here with its source, its credit and its review, and each profile will have a place to discuss it. Until then the data changes only when a source is updated, and every figure links to that source.

What can be contributed today

What we don't know yet

No open source we may use gives these figures. Nothing is estimated to fill them. If you know a public source, add it.

Type the name of a material, a country, a site or a company.