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Thailand

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The sources listed are the ones this profile uses, with the years their figures describe. The access date is today.

Thailand mined 1.2% (USGS) of the world's rare earths in 2025 (estimated).

1.2%

of the world's rare earths mining in 2025 (estimated), according to USGS

#5 in rare earths miningANNUAL 2025

  • Materials with a production share

    1

    with a mining or refining share on record

  • Exports of the ten materials

    $657M

    2024; most of it copper; 45 partner countries

  • Grid emissions intensity

    526gCO2e/kWh

    2025

  • Imports of the ten materials

    $3.5bn

    2024; most of it copper; 65 partner countries

OverviewSupply chainMoneySustainabilityRisks & policySourcesHistory & talk

Overview

What it produces

Share of world output, per material and stage. Each bar is one source's figure; where two sources report the same stage, both are shown and never blended. A full-width bar would be 100%.

  • Rare earths· Mine

    • 1.2%#5 in rare earths miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 4 800 t

      Rank 5 of the 12 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

Key facts

Country code
THA
GDP
$577bn (2025)
Mineral rents, share of GDP
0% (2021)
Ores and metals, share of goods exports
3.6% (2025)
Mining area, all commodities
169 km² (2019; rank 48 of 144)

Money →Sustainability →Risks & policy →

Map

Basemap: Natural Earth (public domain)
  • Thailand

Sites are those in the open sources. A site missing here is missing from the sources, not from the world.

Country in context

Rare earths: Mine production, 2025 (estimated). All rows come from the same table.

Country in context: Rare earths, Mine production, 2025
Countrymetric tonsShare of worldSource
ThailandThis country4 8001.2 %
ChinaLargest producer in the table270 00069.2 %
World totalWorld total as the source gives it390 000–

Supply chain

Every figure the sources give for this country, its trade partners per material, and where its sites are.

Production, refining and reserves

The latest year of each series. Share is of the series total: the larger of the source world total and the sum of its rows. Rank counts only the countries that have a number in that series.

Production, refining and reserves: Thailand
SeriesAmountShare of worldSource
Rare earths: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 5 of 124 800 t1.2 %
Rare earths: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026Not available–

Trade partners

10 recorded flows, 2024

Basemap: Natural Earth (public domain)
  • Recorded trade flow; a thicker line is a larger value
  • Thailand

Lines join the middle of each country. They are not shipping routes.

Recorded trade flows of Thailand: Antimony
PartnerMaterialYearValue, US$Source
Export toChinaAntimonyMine2024$101M
Import fromMyanmarAntimonyMine2024$81M
Import fromMyanmarAntimonyRefine2024$70M
Import fromViet NamAntimonyRefine2024$44M
Export toUSAAntimonyRefine2024$28M
Export toMyanmarAntimonyMine2024$23M
Import fromChinaAntimonyRefine2024$19M
Export toIndiaAntimonyRefine2024$17M
Export toUSAAntimonyRefine2024$15M
Export toRep. of KoreaAntimonyRefine2024$14M

Reconciled customs data (CEPII BACI), by value. The data holds only the largest flows of each material, so this is not the country’s full trade.

0 sites, deposits and projects on record are listed with the map in the Overview →

Money

What the trade data and the World Bank record in money terms. Every value is a reported figure with its own year.

All recorded trade flows of 2024 under the customs codes that isolate one of the ten materials, by value (CEPII BACI, reconciled estimates, current US dollars). Codes that mix several materials are left out, so trade in those materials is understated; gallium and germanium have no usable code at all. Each material lists its five largest partners. Why trade data blurs some materials

Exports of the ten materials

$657Min 2024, with 45 partner countries

Imports of the ten materials

$3.5bnin 2024, with 65 partner countries

The economy around mining

World Bank indicators. Each has its own latest year, shown next to the value; mineral rents are often several years old.

  • GDP (current US$)

    $577bn

    Year 2025

  • Mineral rents (% of GDP)

    0%

    Year 2021

  • Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)

    3.6%

    Year 2025

Government revenue from extractives

No data yet. Thailand has no EITI summary record with a government total. Countries report only if they implement the EITI Standard; a missing record does not mean there is no such revenue.

EITI open data

Investment pipeline

announced figures

Planned and under-construction projects in Thailand with a publicly announced capital cost, public financial backing, or both. Each line is one statement by the named publisher on the given date; the atlas adds nothing to it.

No data yet. The atlas has read no announcement of this kind for a project in Thailand. The list is short and hand-read; a missing project is missing from the list, not from the world.

A short, hand-read list, not a census: 19 projects in all. Announced amounts are not spending, a letter of interest or a conditional commitment is not a loan, and amounts stay in the currency of the announcement.

Public support instruments

Stockpiles, price floors, offtake and purchasing programmes and public funds of Thailand's government, as dated policy events of the type "public support". Each is one statement by its publisher.

No data yet. The atlas has read no public support instrument of Thailand's government. The list is short and hand-read.

These figures are informational, not financial advice.

Sustainability

Four indicators, the same on every profile. Each is a figure with its unit, year and source, or a plain statement that there is none.

  • Carbon

    Emissions intensity of the country's electricity grid.

    526gCO2e/kWh

    2025Reported

    Higher than 60% of the other 208 countries with a grid figure.

    • It describes the national grid, not mining or refining. Sites may run on their own power.

  • Water

    Share of the country's mine sites on record that lie in high or extremely high baseline water stress.

    No mine or brine site with a water-stress class is on record in this country.

    • Counted by site, not by tonnage: it is not a share of production.
    • "Arid and Low Water Use" is a class of its own in the source and is not counted as high.

  • Land

    Land visibly used by mining in the country, every commodity together.

    169km²

    2019Estimated

    Higher than 67% of the other 143 countries with a mapped mining area.

    • Rank 48 of 144 countries by area.
    • Mapped from satellite images for all mining in a country. It cannot be attributed to one material or one site.

  • Circularity

    Recycling's share of demand.

    Not available per country: recycling rates in the atlas are published per material, for the EU as a whole.

There is no overall score: the four figures measure different things and are not added up. How to read these figures

Risks & policy

Export controls in force

Compiled by USGS, effective January 2026. Not a live feed.

USGS Table 4 lists no export control by this country for the materials in the atlas.

Chokepoints at sea

The atlas has no record of which minerals pass through which sea passage, so no chokepoint figure is attached to this profile. Current ship counts for the main passages are on the Live page. Open the Live page

Gaps

What the atlas is missing for Thailand

Computed from the data. Each line names a record that exists and one that does not. It marks missing data, not missing industry.

  • Listed as a rare earths producer (1.2% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no mine is on record.
  • A rare earths producer (1.2% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
  • Trade is partial by design: the atlas holds only each material's largest flows. 14 of them name this country.

Add dataAll gaps, across materials

Sources

Every source this profile uses, with its licence, the years its figures describe and how sure the figures are. Each chip on the profile opens the single record.

The mining-area figure comes from a share-alike source (CC-BY-SA-4.0). It is kept in its own file under that licence, apart from the rest of the atlas's data.

History & talk

Revision history and discussion are coming soon.

Every change to a figure will be listed here with its source, its credit and its review, and each profile will have a place to discuss it. Until then the data changes only when a source is updated, and every figure links to that source.

What can be contributed today

What we don't know yet

No open source we may use gives these figures. Nothing is estimated to fill them. If you know a public source, add it.

Type the name of a material, a country, a site or a company.