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Indonesia

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Indonesia mined 67% (USGS) of the world's nickel in 2025 (estimated) and refined 45% (IEA).

67%

of the world's nickel mining in 2025 (estimated), according to USGS · about 2 in 3

#1 in nickel miningANNUAL 2025

  • Materials with a production share

    4

    with a mining or refining share on record

  • Sites on record

    14

    Mines and plants in the open sources. Coverage is partial.

  • Exports of the ten materials

    $20bn

    2024; most of it copper; 42 partner countries

  • Grid emissions intensity

    705gCO2e/kWh

    2025

OverviewSupply chainMoneySustainabilityRisks & policySourcesHistory & talk

Overview

What it produces

Share of world output, per material and stage. Each bar is one source's figure; where two sources report the same stage, both are shown and never blended. A full-width bar would be 100%.

  • Nickel· Mine

    • 67%about 2 in 3#1 in nickel miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 2 600 000 t

      Rank 1 of the 9 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

    • 63%about 3 in 5#1 in nickel miningIEA, 2025 · 2 637 kt Ni

      Rank 1 of the 7 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

  • Nickel· Refine

    • 45%about half#1 in nickel refiningIEA, 2025 · 1 681 kt Ni

      Rank 1 of the 7 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

  • Cobalt· Mine

    • 15%about 1 in 10#2 in cobalt miningIEA, 2025 · 48 kt Co

      Rank 2 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

    • 14%about 1 in 10#2 in cobalt miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 44 000 t

      Rank 2 of the 12 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

  • Copper· Mine

    • 3.1%about 1 in 20#9 in copper miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 710 kt

      Rank 9 of the 14 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

  • Cobalt· Refine

    • 2.5%#3 in cobalt refiningIEA, 2025 · 6 kt Co

      Rank 3 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

  • Graphite· Refine

    • 1.4%#3 in graphite refiningIEA, 2025 · 32 kt

      Rank 3 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.

  • Copper· Refine

    • 1.4%#14 in copper refiningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 400 kt

      Rank 14 of the 17 countries with a figure in this USGS table.

Key facts

Country code
IDN
GDP
$1.45tn (2025)
Mineral rents, share of GDP
1.9% (2021)
Ores and metals, share of goods exports
9.2% (2025)
Mining area, all commodities
8 020 km² (2019; rank 5 of 144)

Money →Sustainability →Risks & policy →

Map

Basemap: Natural Earth (public domain)
  • Indonesia
  • Mine or brine operation
  • Processing site

Sites are those in the open sources. A site missing here is missing from the sources, not from the world.

Sites on record · 14

14 of 14 shown

One entry per site. Where two sources describe the same site, the atlas lists the record of the source it ranks higher.

Country in context

Nickel: Mine production, 2025 (estimated). All rows come from the same table.

Country in context: Nickel, Mine production, 2025
Countrymetric tonsShare of worldSource
IndonesiaThis country2 600 00066.7 %
World totalWorld total as the source gives it3 900 000–

Supply chain

Every figure the sources give for this country, its trade partners per material, and where its sites are.

Production, refining and reserves

The latest year of each series. Share is of the series total: the larger of the source world total and the sum of its rows. Rank counts only the countries that have a number in that series.

Production, refining and reserves: Indonesia
SeriesAmountShare of worldSource
Cobalt: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 2 of 1244 000 t14.0 %
Cobalt: Mining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 2 of 648 kt Co15.0 %
Cobalt: Refining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 3 of 66 kt Co2.5 %
Cobalt: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 4 of 12760 000 t6.3 %
Nickel: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 1 of 92 600 000 t66.7 %
Nickel: Mining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 1 of 72 637 kt Ni62.7 %
Nickel: Refining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 1 of 71 681 kt Ni45.1 %
Nickel: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 1 of 962 000 000 t47.6 %
Copper: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 9 of 14710 kt3.1 %
Copper: Refinery production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 14 of 17400 kt1.4 %
Copper: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 10 of 1421 000 kt2.1 %
Graphite: Refined battery-grade supply (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 3 of 632 kt1.4 %

Mines and plants listed without coordinates · 28

The USGS Minerals Yearbook names these operations in Indonesia with company, place and annual capacity, but gives no coordinates, so they are not on the map. Capacity is not production. Each row is from the chapter year shown.

Material and productKindCompany, as listedPlace, as listedAnnual capacityYearSource
CobaltCobalt, Co content > In mixed hydroxide precipitatePlantPT Halmahera Persada Lygend (Harita Group, 63.1%, and Lygend Resources & Technology Co. Ltd., 36.9%)Plant on Obi Island, South Halmahera12 thousand metric tons per year2023
CobaltCobalt, Co content > In mixed hydroxide precipitatePlantPT Huayue Nickel CobaltPlant in Morowali, Central Sulawesi8 thousand metric tons per year2023
CobaltCobalt, Co content > In mixed hydroxide precipitatePlantPT QMB New Energy Materials (GEM Co. Ltd., 63%)Plant in Morowali, Central Sulawesi4 thousand metric tons per year2023
CobaltCobalt, Co content > In mattePlantPT Vale Indonesia Tbk [Vale Canada Ltd., 44.3%; Mining Industry Indonesia (Government, 100%), 20%; Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd., 15%; others, 20.7%]Smelter at Sorowako, South Sulawesi1 thousand metric tons per year2023
CobaltCobalt, Co content > In lateriteNot specifiedPT Vale Indonesia Tbk [Vale Canada Ltd., 44.3%; Mining Industry Indonesia (Government, 100%), 20%; Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd., 15%; others, 20.7%]Sorowako Mine, South Sulawesi3 thousand metric tons per year2023
CopperCopper > Mine, Cu contentMinePT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara (PT Amman Mineral Internasional, 82.2%, and PT Pukuafu Indah, 17.8%)Batu Hijau Mine, Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara150 thousand metric tons per year2023
CopperCopper > Mine, Cu contentMinePT Batutua Tembaga Raya (Merdeka Copper Gold Group)Wetar Mine and solvent extraction- electrowinning facility, Maluku25 thousand metric tons per year2023
CopperCopper > Mine, Cu contentMinePT Freeport Indonesia Co. [Mining Industry Indonesia (Government, 100%), 51.24%, and Freeport-McMoRan Inc., 48.76%]Grasberg minerals district, Papua800 thousand metric tons per year2023
CopperCopper > MetalPlantPT Batutua Tembaga Raya (Merdeka Copper Gold Group)Smelter and refinery plant in Wetar, Maluku28 thousand metric tons per year2023
CopperCopper > MetalPlantPT Smelting Co. (Mitsubishi Materials Corp., 60.5%, and PT Freeport Indonesia Co., 39.5%)Smelter and refinery plant in Gresik, East Java350 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMinePT Antam Tbk [Mining Industry Indonesia (Government, 100%), 65%, and public, 35%]Mine at Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi30 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMinePT Antam Tbk [Mining Industry Indonesia (Government, 100%), 65%, and public, 35%]Gee Island Mine, North Malukunot given2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMinePT Bira Mineral Nusantara (PT Resource Alam Indonesia Tbk, 70%)Mine in Kendari, South Sulawesi10 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMinePT Central Omega Resources TbkMine in Morowali, Central Sulawesi15 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMinePT Harita Guna Dharma Bhakti (Harita Group, 100%)Kawasi Mine, North Malukunot given2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMinePT Hengjaya Mineralindo (Nickel Industries Ltd., 80%)Hengjaya Mine, Morowali, Central Sulawesi20 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMinePT Timah Tbk [Mining Industry Indonesia (Government, 100%), 65%, and public, 35%]Timah Nickel Mine, Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi5 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMinePT Vale Indonesia Tbk [Vale Canada Ltd., 44.3%; Mining Industry Indonesia (Government, 100%), 20%; Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd., 15%; others, 20.7%]Sorowako Mine, South Sulawesi72 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMinePT Weda Bay Nickel (Tsingshan Holding Group, 51.3%; Eramet Group, 38.7%; PT Antam Tbk, 10%)Mine at Weda Bay, Central Halmahera, North Maluku70 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In oreMineSolway Investment GroupAsera Mine, Southeast Sulawesi30 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In mattePlantPT Antam Tbk [Mining Industry Indonesia (Government, 100%), 65%, and public, 35%]Smelter at Pomalaa, Southeast Sulawesi24 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In mixed hydroxide precipitatePlantPT Halmahera Persada Lygend (Harita Group, 63.1%, and Lygend Resources & Technology Co. Ltd., 36.9%)Plant on Obi Island, South Halmahera100 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In sulfatePlantPT Halmahera Persada Lygend (Harita Group, 63.1%, and Lygend Resources & Technology Co. Ltd., 36.9%)Plant on Obi Island, South Halmahera54 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In mattePlantPT Huake Nickel Industry (Huayue Cobalt Co. Ltd., 70%)Smelter in Weda Bay, North Maluku50 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In mixed hydroxide precipitatePlantPT Huayue Nickel CobaltPlant in Morowali, Central Sulawesi60 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In mixed hydroxide precipitatePlantPT QMB New Energy Materials (GEM Co. Ltd., 63%)Plant in Morowali, Central Sulawesi50 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In mattePlantPT Vale Indonesia Tbk [Vale Canada Ltd., 44.3%; Mining Industry Indonesia (Government, 100%), 20%; Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd., 15%; others, 20.7%]Smelter at Sorowako, South Sulawesi80 thousand metric tons per year2023
NickelNickel, Ni content > In mattePlantTsingshan Holding GroupSmelter in Morowali, Central Sulawesi80 thousand metric tons per year2023

Trade partners

9 recorded flows, 2024

Basemap: Natural Earth (public domain)
  • Recorded trade flow; a thicker line is a larger value
  • Indonesia

Lines join the middle of each country. They are not shipping routes.

Recorded trade flows of Indonesia: Nickel
PartnerMaterialYearValue, US$Source
Export toChinaNickelProcess2024$3.9bn
Export toChinaNickelProcess2024$2bn
Export toJapanNickelProcess2024$1bn
Export toChinaNickelRefine2024$547M
Import fromPhilippinesNickelMine2024$438M
Export toChinaNickelRefine2024$361M
Export toUnited KingdomNickelProcess2024$351M
Export toSingaporeNickelRefine2024$198M
Export toOther Asia, nesNickelRefine2024$148M

Reconciled customs data (CEPII BACI), by value. The data holds only the largest flows of each material, so this is not the country’s full trade.

14 sites, deposits and projects on record are listed with the map in the Overview →

Money

What the trade data and the World Bank record in money terms. Every value is a reported figure with its own year.

All recorded trade flows of 2024 under the customs codes that isolate one of the ten materials, by value (CEPII BACI, reconciled estimates, current US dollars). Codes that mix several materials are left out, so trade in those materials is understated; gallium and germanium have no usable code at all. Each material lists its five largest partners. Why trade data blurs some materials

Exports of the ten materials

$20bnin 2024, with 42 partner countries

Imports of the ten materials

$1.4bnin 2024, with 48 partner countries

The economy around mining

World Bank indicators. Each has its own latest year, shown next to the value; mineral rents are often several years old.

  • GDP (current US$)

    $1.45tn

    Year 2025

  • Mineral rents (% of GDP)

    1.9%

    Year 2021

  • Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)

    9.2%

    Year 2025

Government revenue from extractives

EITI, reported

What government agencies reported receiving from extractive companies, per fiscal year, as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) publishes it in US dollars. A total covers every sector the country's report covers and is not split by mineral.

$215bnlatest reported fiscal year, 2021

Sectors in the report: mining, oil, gas · Period: 2021-01-01 – 2021-12-31

All 9 reported years
Fiscal yearGovernment revenue (US$)Sectors in the reportCountry fileSource
20212021-01-01 – 2021-12-31215 107 097 350mining, oil, gassummary file
20162016-01-01 – 2016-12-0117 044 109 592mining, oil, gassummary file
20152015-01-01 – 2015-12-3118 833 980 321mining, oil, gassummary file
20142014-01-01 – 2014-12-3136 364 897 111mining, oil, gassummary file
20132013-01-01 – 2013-12-3134 553 961 103mining, oil, gassummary file
20122012-01-01 – 2012-12-3140 340 292 980mining, oil, gassummary file
20112011-01-01 – 2011-12-0146 792 706 042mining, oil, gassummary file
20102010-01-01 – 2010-12-0134 414 667 744mining, oil, gassummary file
20092009-01-01 – 2009-12-3124 227 856 610mining, oil, gassummary file

EITI reports lag by two to four years. The figure is the report's own total and is not adjusted for inflation. Republished under EITI's Content Use Policy with credit to the EITI International Secretariat, eiti.org. These figures are kept in a file of their own and are not part of the atlas's ODbL data. EITI open data

Investment pipeline

announced figures

Planned and under-construction projects in Indonesia with a publicly announced capital cost, public financial backing, or both. Each line is one statement by the named publisher on the given date; the atlas adds nothing to it.

No data yet. The atlas has read no announcement of this kind for a project in Indonesia. The list is short and hand-read; a missing project is missing from the list, not from the world.

A short, hand-read list, not a census: 19 projects in all. Announced amounts are not spending, a letter of interest or a conditional commitment is not a loan, and amounts stay in the currency of the announcement.

Public support instruments

Stockpiles, price floors, offtake and purchasing programmes and public funds of Indonesia's government, as dated policy events of the type "public support". Each is one statement by its publisher.

No data yet. The atlas has read no public support instrument of Indonesia's government. The list is short and hand-read.

Mining companies headquartered here · 17

Companies that Wikidata places in the mining industry with headquarters in Indonesia, for every commodity, not only the ten materials. Wikidata is edited by volunteers: entries may be missing or out of date, and each name links to its item. A listing names an exchange and a ticker; it is not a price.

CompanyHeadquartersStock listingLEISource
AlamTri ResourcesJakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: ADRO529900P2WAH7XA87OI24
Amman Mineral Internasionalnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiarySouth JakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: AMMN5493006TJMVRZEVWCG37
Aneka Tambangnamed at 4 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiaryJakartaAustralian Securities Exchange: ATMIndonesia Stock Exchange: ANTM529900LRE2NALSSHMB80
Astra InternationalJakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: ASII529900L49TRJOMG4DK47
Barito PacificJakartaFrankfurt Stock Exchange: OB8Indonesia Stock Exchange: BRPT254900CLXCIVO1KCF078
Bayan ResourcesJakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: BYAN254900UPPX8UP6LW9723
Bukit AsamTanjung EnimIndonesia Stock Exchange: PTBA529900XX13TXG5L4CN33
Bumi ResourcesJakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: BUMI529900UUMEQCPSDKFD75
Delta Dunia MakmurJakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: DOID—
Energi Mega PersadaJakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: ENRG25490019ABALWIGUDM79
Indika EnergySouth JakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: INDY254900YVKE6BJ1I4V036
Kapuas Prima CoalJakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: ZINC89450063ELXSTK4UBX93
MedcoEnergiJakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: MEDC—
PetroseaSlipiIndonesia Stock Exchange: PTRO254900FVV2ENXMCVUE96
Timahnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiaryPangkal PinangIndonesia Stock Exchange: TINS5299004I8EXG4Q5XEY96
United TractorsJakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange: UNTR529900N9ELYOWQV4FW14
Billiton CompanyBelitung Island——

These figures are informational, not financial advice.

Sustainability

Four indicators, the same on every profile. Each is a figure with its unit, year and source, or a plain statement that there is none.

  • Carbon

    Emissions intensity of the country's electricity grid.

    705gCO2e/kWh

    2025Reported

    Higher than 95% of the other 208 countries with a grid figure.

    • It describes the national grid, not mining or refining. Sites may run on their own power.

  • Water

    Share of the country's mine sites on record that lie in high or extremely high baseline water stress.

    25%of mine sites on record

    2023Estimated

    No world percentile: the number of sites on record differs too much between countries to compare them.

    • 3 of 12 sites with a class (12 mine and brine sites on record).
    • Counted by site, not by tonnage: it is not a share of production.
    • "Arid and Low Water Use" is a class of its own in the source and is not counted as high.

  • Land

    Land visibly used by mining in the country, every commodity together.

    8 020km²

    2019Estimated

    Higher than 97% of the other 143 countries with a mapped mining area.

    • Rank 5 of 144 countries by area.
    • Mapped from satellite images for all mining in a country. It cannot be attributed to one material or one site.

  • Circularity

    Recycling's share of demand.

    Not available per country: recycling rates in the atlas are published per material, for the EU as a whole.

There is no overall score: the four figures measure different things and are not added up. How to read these figures

Risks & policy

Export controls in force

Compiled by USGS, effective January 2026. Not a live feed.

  • ▲ BanIndonesiaNickel2020

    Export ban: Bauxite (2023), copper concentrates (2023), and nickel ore (2020).

    Source ↗
  • ▲ BanIndonesiaCopper2023

    Export ban: Bauxite (2023), copper concentrates (2023), and nickel ore (2020).

    Source ↗

Chokepoints at sea

The atlas has no record of which minerals pass through which sea passage, so no chokepoint figure is attached to this profile. Current ship counts for the main passages are on the Live page. Open the Live page

Gaps

What the atlas is missing for Indonesia

Computed from the data. Each line names a record that exists and one that does not. It marks missing data, not missing industry.

  • Listed as a cobalt producer (14% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no mine is on record.
  • Listed as a cobalt refiner (2.5% of world output; Refining (IEA), 2025), but no processing plant is on record.
  • A cobalt producer (14% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
  • A nickel producer (67% of world output; Mine production, 2025), but no site record names an owner or operator.
  • Listed as a graphite refiner (1.4% of world output; Refined battery-grade supply (IEA), 2025), but no processing plant is on record.
  • Trade is partial by design: the atlas holds only each material's largest flows. 16 of them name this country.

Add dataAll gaps, across materials

Sources

Every source this profile uses, with its licence, the years its figures describe and how sure the figures are. Each chip on the profile opens the single record.

The mining-area figure comes from a share-alike source (CC-BY-SA-4.0). It is kept in its own file under that licence, apart from the rest of the atlas's data.

History & talk

Revision history and discussion are coming soon.

Every change to a figure will be listed here with its source, its credit and its review, and each profile will have a place to discuss it. Until then the data changes only when a source is updated, and every figure links to that source.

What can be contributed today

What we don't know yet

No open source we may use gives these figures. Nothing is estimated to fill them. If you know a public source, add it.

Type the name of a material, a country, a site or a company.