Canada
Watch and Edit are coming soon.
Canada mined 3.6% (USGS) of the world's nickel in 2025 (estimated) and refined 3.4% (IEA).
3.6%
of the world's nickel mining in 2025 (estimated), according to USGS · about 1 in 20
#4 in nickel miningANNUAL 2025
Materials with a production share
5
with a mining or refining share on record
Sites on record
67
Mines and plants in the open sources. Coverage is partial. Also on record: 132 deposits and projects, which are not counted.
Exports of the ten materials
$8.4bn
2024; most of it copper; 67 partner countries
Grid emissions intensity
192gCO2e/kWh
2025
Overview
What it produces
Share of world output, per material and stage. Each bar is one source's figure; where two sources report the same stage, both are shown and never blended. A full-width bar would be 100%.
Nickel· Mine
- 3.6%about 1 in 20#4 in nickel miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 140 000 t
Rank 4 of the 9 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
- 3.3%about 1 in 20#5 in nickel miningIEA, 2025 · 138 kt Ni
Rank 5 of the 7 countries with a figure in this IEA table.
Nickel· Refine
- 3.4%about 1 in 20#3 in nickel refiningIEA, 2025 · 125 kt Ni
Rank 3 of the 7 countries with a figure in this IEA table.
Cobalt· Refine
- 2.5%#3 in cobalt refiningIEA, 2025 · 6 kt Co
Rank 3 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.
Lithium· Mine
- 2.3%#6 in lithium miningIEA, 2025 · 7 kt Li
Rank 6 of the 6 countries with a figure in this IEA table.
- 1.9%#8 in lithium miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 5 600 t
Rank 8 of the 9 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Copper· Mine
- 2.2%#12 in copper miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 500 kt
Rank 12 of the 14 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Cobalt· Mine
- 1.1%#7 in cobalt miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 3 500 t
Rank 7 of the 12 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Copper· Refine
- 1.1%#16 in copper refiningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 320 kt
Rank 16 of the 17 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Graphite· Mine
- 0.4%#8 in graphite miningUSGS, 2025 (estimated) · 8 000 t
Rank 8 of the 18 countries with a figure in this USGS table.
Key facts
- Country code
- CAN
- GDP
- $2.32tn (2025)
- Mineral rents, share of GDP
- 1.2% (2021)
- Ores and metals, share of goods exports
- 7.6% (2025)
- Mining area, all commodities
- 5 088 km² (2019; rank 7 of 144)
Map
- Canada
- Mine or brine operation
- Processing site
- Deposit or project (not a mine or a plant yet)
Sites are those in the open sources. A site missing here is missing from the sources, not from the world.
Sites on record · 67 and 132 deposits and projects
199 of 199 shown
- 1901 (Snow Lake)Project (not producing yet)
- 777Mine
- AdinaProject (not producing yet)
- AjaxProject (not producing yet)
- Akasaba West (Goldex)Mine
- AlbanyProject (not producing yet)
- AldermacMine
- AshramProject (not producing yet)
- AuthierProject (not producing yet)
- Battery Material PlantProject (not producing yet)
- Battery Materials ParkProject (not producing yet)
- Beaver BrookMine
- BergProject (not producing yet)
- BirchtreeMine
- Bissett CreekProject (not producing yet)
- BoardwalkProject (not producing yet)
- Bonaparte ClaimMine
- Bracemac-McLeodMine
- BrunswickMine
- BuchansProject (not producing yet)
- Bucko LakeMine
- Caber Complex (Matagami)Project (not producing yet)
- Canadian Electrolytic Zinc Limited (CEZinc)Refinery
- CaribouMine
- CarmacksProject (not producing yet)
- CasinoProject (not producing yet)
- CCRRefinery
- ChibougamauProject (not producing yet)
- Clarabelle Mill (Sudbury Operations)Mine
- Clearwater ProjectProject (not producing yet)
- Coated Spherical Purified Graphite (CSPG) RefineProject (not producing yet)
- Coleman (Sudbury Operations)Mine
- Copper Cliff (Sudbury Operations)Mine
- Copper Cliff Complex Processing plant
- Copper MountainMine
- Copper Rand MineMine
- Crater LakeProject (not producing yet)
- CrawfordProject (not producing yet)
- Crean HillProject (not producing yet)
- Creighton (Sudbury Operations)Mine
- DavidsonProject (not producing yet)
- Decar (Baptiste)Project (not producing yet)
- Deer HornProject (not producing yet)
- Duck PondMine
- Dumont NickelProject (not producing yet)
- Eagle's NestProject (not producing yet)
- EllenMine
- Ferguson LakeProject (not producing yet)
- Fortune Minerals RefineryProject (not producing yet)
- Fraser (Sudbury INO)Mine
- Freegold MountainProject (not producing yet)
- GalaxyProject (not producing yet)
- Gallium Pilot PlantProject (not producing yet)
- Galore CreekProject (not producing yet)
- Galore Creek MineMine
- Garson (Sudbury Operations)Mine
- Georgia LakeProject (not producing yet)
- GertrudeMine
- GibraltarMine
- Great BurntProject (not producing yet)
- Green Bay Copper-Gold (Ming)Project (not producing yet)
- Hackett RiverProject (not producing yet)
- Halfmile-StratmatProject (not producing yet)
- High LakeProject (not producing yet)
- Highland Valley CopperMine
- HorizonProject (not producing yet)
- HorneSmelter
- Horne 5Project (not producing yet)
- HuckleberryMine
- IskutProject (not producing yet)
- Izok LakeProject (not producing yet)
- KearneyProject (not producing yet)
- Kearney Mine (Decomissioned)Mine
- KemessProject (not producing yet)
- KenbridgeProject (not producing yet)
- Kidd CreekMine
- Kindersley LithiumProject (not producing yet)
- Kipawa-ZeusProject (not producing yet)
- Kitsault ValleyProject (not producing yet)
- KSMProject (not producing yet)
- Kudz Ze KayahProject (not producing yet)
- KutchoProject (not producing yet)
- Kwanika-StardustProject (not producing yet)
- KwyjiboProject (not producing yet)
- La LoutreProject (not producing yet)
- Lac Carheil (Lac Rainy Graphite)Project (not producing yet)
- Lac des IlesMine
- Lac KnifeProject (not producing yet)
- Lac-des-ÎlesMine
- Lake Superior plantProject (not producing yet)
- Lalor Lake (Snow Lake)Mine
- LaRondeMine
- LawyersProject (not producing yet)
- Lithium Carbonate RefineryProject (not producing yet)
- Lithium Demonstration PlantProject (not producing yet)
- Lithium Hydroxide RefineryProject (not producing yet)
- Lithium Hydroxide RefineryProject (not producing yet)
- Lithium RefineryProject (not producing yet)
- Lithium RefineryProject (not producing yet)
- Long HarbourRefinery
- Lynn LakeProject (not producing yet)
- MactungProject (not producing yet)
- MarathonProject (not producing yet)
- MargProject (not producing yet)
- MatawinieProject (not producing yet)
- McCreedy WestMine
- McIlvenna BayProject (not producing yet)
- MillerProject (not producing yet)
- MinagoProject (not producing yet)
- Mine WhabouchiMine
- MintoProject (not producing yet)
- MintoMine
- MM (Makwa Mayville)Project (not producing yet)
- MoblanProject (not producing yet)
- MontcalmMine
- MorrisonProject (not producing yet)
- Mount MilliganMine
- Mount PleasantProject (not producing yet)
- Mount PolleyMine
- Murray BrookProject (not producing yet)
- Myra FallsMine
- Nash Creek (Superjack)Project (not producing yet)
- Nechalacho - Basal ZoneProject (not producing yet)
- Nechalacho - T-Zone & Tardiff ZoneProject (not producing yet)
- Nemaska lithium conversion facilityProject (not producing yet)
- Neo Performance Materials ULCRefinery
- New AftonMine
- New PolarisProject (not producing yet)
- New ProsperityProject (not producing yet)
- Nickel processing plantProject (not producing yet)
- Nickel Rim SouthMine
- Nickel ShawProject (not producing yet)
- NICOProject (not producing yet)
- North American LithiumMine
- North IslandProject (not producing yet)
- Nunavik NickelMine
- Onaping DepthProject (not producing yet)
- OotsaProject (not producing yet)
- Opemiska DivisionProject (not producing yet)
- Outpost Island MineMine
- Pakeagama LakeProject (not producing yet)
- Pen II (Snow Lake)Project (not producing yet)
- Port ColborneRefinery
- Port Hope Simpson (Deep Fox and Foxtrot)Project (not producing yet)
- Prairie LithiumProject (not producing yet)
- RaglanMine
- Rail (Snow Lake)Project (not producing yet)
- Rainbow LakeProject (not producing yet)
- RaleighProject (not producing yet)
- RapidSX Demonstration PlantProject (not producing yet)
- Rare Earth Separation PlantProject (not producing yet)
- Red ChrisMine
- REE Recycling Facility (Saint-Hubert)Project (not producing yet)
- ReedMine
- River ValleyProject (not producing yet)
- RoseProject (not producing yet)
- Schaft CreekProject (not producing yet)
- Scott LakeProject (not producing yet)
- SelbaieMine
- Separation RapidsProject (not producing yet)
- Separation Rapids Lithium DepositMine
- Seymour Lake (Root Lake)Project (not producing yet)
- ShaakichiuwaanaanProject (not producing yet)
- ShakespeareProject (not producing yet)
- Shaw DomeProject (not producing yet)
- SirmacProject (not producing yet)
- SissonProject (not producing yet)
- SRC Rare Earth Processing FacilitySmelter
- Stainless Steel and Alloy Processing FacilityProject (not producing yet)
- Stall concentrator (Snow Lake)Mine
- Stobie (Sudbury Operations)Mine
- StormProject (not producing yet)
- Strange LakeProject (not producing yet)
- Strathcona Mill (Sudbury INO)Mine
- SudburySmelter
- Superior LakeProject (not producing yet)
- Talbot (Snow Lake)Project (not producing yet)
- TancoMine
- The Cobalt Refinery Company Inc.Refinery
- The Lone Star Copper-Gold MineMine
- ThierryProject (not producing yet)
- Thompson (T-1 and T-3)Mine
- Thompson Bros (Snow Lake Lithium)Project (not producing yet)
- Thunder Bay NorthProject (not producing yet)
- Thunder Bay PlantProject (not producing yet)
- Totten (Sudbury Operations)Mine
- Tower (Snow Lake)Project (not producing yet)
- TrailProcessing plant
- TroilusProject (not producing yet)
- TurnagainProject (not producing yet)
- UatnanProject (not producing yet)
- Upper BeaverProject (not producing yet)
- VictoriaProject (not producing yet)
- Viewfield / MansurProject (not producing yet)
- Voisey’s BayMine
- Whabouchi (Nemaska)Project (not producing yet)
- WicheedaProject (not producing yet)
- WIM (Snow Lake)Project (not producing yet)
- YellowheadProject (not producing yet)
One entry per site. Where two sources describe the same site, the atlas lists the record of the source it ranks higher.
Country in context
Nickel: Mine production, 2025 (estimated). All rows come from the same table.
| Country | metric tons | Share of world | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| CanadaThis country | 140 000 | 3.6 % | |
| IndonesiaLargest producer in the table | 2 600 000 | 66.7 % | |
| World totalWorld total as the source gives it | 3 900 000 | – |
Supply chain
Every figure the sources give for this country, its trade partners per material, and where its sites are.
Production, refining and reserves
The latest year of each series. Share is of the series total: the larger of the source world total and the sum of its rows. Rank counts only the countries that have a number in that series.
| Series | Amount | Share of world | Rank | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 8 of 9 | 5 600 t | 1.9 % | ||
| Lithium: Raw materials (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 6 of 6 | 7 kt Li | 2.3 % | ||
| Lithium: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 6 of 10 | 1 600 000 t | 4.3 % | ||
| Cobalt: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 7 of 12 | 3 500 t | 1.1 % | ||
| Cobalt: Refining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 3 of 6 | 6 kt Co | 2.5 % | ||
| Cobalt: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 7 of 12 | 220 000 t | 1.8 % | ||
| Nickel: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 4 of 9 | 140 000 t | 3.6 % | ||
| Nickel: Mining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 5 of 7 | 138 kt Ni | 3.3 % | ||
| Nickel: Refining (IEA)2025 · IEA GCMO 2026 · rank 3 of 7 | 125 kt Ni | 3.4 % | ||
| Nickel: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 8 of 9 | 2 200 000 t | 1.7 % | ||
| Copper: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 12 of 14 | 500 kt | 2.2 % | ||
| Copper: Refinery production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 16 of 17 | 320 kt | 1.1 % | ||
| Copper: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 13 of 14 | 7 000 kt | 0.7 % | ||
| Graphite: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 8 of 18 | 8 000 t | 0.4 % | ||
| Graphite: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 10 of 15 | 5 900 000 t | 1.9 % | ||
| Rare earths: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 | Nil (—) in source | – | ||
| Rare earths: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 10 of 11 | 830 000 t | 1.0 % | ||
| Antimony: Mine production2025 (estimated) · USGS MCS 2026 | Nil (—) in source | – | ||
| Antimony: Reserves2025 · USGS MCS 2026 · rank 8 of 13 | 78 000 t | 3.3 % |
Mines and plants listed without coordinates · 64
The USGS Minerals Yearbook names these operations in Canada with company, place and annual capacity, but gives no coordinates, so they are not on the map. Capacity is not production. Each row is from the chapter year shown.
| Material and product | Kind | Company, as listed | Place, as listed | Annual capacity | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AntimonyAntimony | Not specified | China Minmetals Co. Ltd. | Beaver Brook Mine, about 45 kilometers (km) south of Glenwood, Newfoundland and Labrador | 160. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CobaltCobalt > Ore, Co content | Mine | Glencore plc | Raglan Mine in Ungave, Quebec | 700. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CobaltCobalt > Ore, Co content | Mine | Vale S.A. | Voisey's Bay Mine, Newfoundland and Labrador | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CobaltCobalt > Ore, Co content | Mine | Vale S.A. | Ontario operations Sudbury Mine, Ontario | 700. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CobaltCobalt > Ore, Co content | Mine | Vale S.A. | Manitoba operations Thompson Mine, Manitoba | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CobaltCobalt > Metal | Plant | Glencore plc | Sudbury smelter in Sudbury, Ontario | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CobaltCobalt > Metal | Plant | Vale S.A. | Copper Cliff refinery and smelter in Sudbury, Ontario | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CobaltCobalt > Metal | Plant | Vale S.A. | Port Colborne refinery, Ontario | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CobaltCobalt > Metal | Plant | Vale S.A. | Voisey's Bay refinery, Newfoundland and Labrador | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CobaltCobalt > Metal | Plant | Vale S.A. | Long Harbour refinery, Newfoundland and Labrador | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd. | LaRonde Mine, about 650 km northwest of Montreal, Quebec | 5. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Copper Mountain Mining Corp, 75%, and Mitsubishi Materials Corp., 25% | Copper Mountain Mine, British Columbia | 48. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Glencore plc | Kidd Creek Mine, about 20 km north of Timmins, Ontario | 46. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Glencore plc | Matagami Mine, near Matagami, Quebec | 9. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Glencore plc | Nickel Rim South Mine, Sudbury Division, Sudbury, Ontario | 18. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Glencore plc | Raglan Mine in Ungave, Quebec | 7. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Impala Canada Ltd. (Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd.) | Lac des Iles Mine, about 85 km northwest of Thunder Bay, Ontario | 2. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Imperial Metals Corp. | Mount Polley Mine1 at Williams Lake, British Columbia | 25. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Imperial Metals Corp., 50%; Mitsubishi Materials Corp., 31.25%; Dowa Metals & Mining Co., Ltd., 6.25%, Furukawa Co., Ltd., 6.25%; Marubeni Corp., 6.25% | Huckleberry Mine, 123 km southwest of Houston, British Columbia | 32. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. | Sudbury Mine, Ontario | 30. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Nyrstar N.V. [Trafigura Group (Pte) Ltd.] | Langlois Mine,1 313 km northeast of Val-d'Or, Quebec | 39. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Nyrstar N.V. [Trafigura Group (Pte) Ltd.] | Myra Falls Mine, British Columbia British Columbia | 4. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Pembridge Resources plc | Minto Mine, Yukon | 21. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Taseko Mines Ltd., 75%; Lojitz Corp., 12.5%; Dowa Holdings Col Ltd., 6.25%; Furukawa Co. Ltd., 6.25% | Gibraltar Mine, British Columbia | 63. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Teck Resources Ltd. | Duck Pond Mine, about 100 km southwest of Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland and Labrador | 19. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Teck Resources Ltd. | Highland Valley Mine, Kamloops, British Columbia | 125. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Vale S.A. | Ontario Division, Ontario | 120. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Vale S.A. | Voisey's Bay Mine, Newfoundland and Labrador | 55. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Ore, Cu content | Mine | Yukon Zinc Corp. | Wolverine Mine, Yukon | 5. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Refinery | Plant | Cobalt Refinery Co. Inc. | Fort Saskatchewan refinery | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Smelter | Plant | Glencore plc | Horne smelter in Noranda, Quebec | 194. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Smelter | Plant | Glencore plc | Sudbury smelter, Ontario | 131. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Refinery | Plant | Glencore plc | CCR refinery in Montreal-Est, Quebec | 276. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Refinery | Plant | Government | Royal Canadian Mint, Ottawa, Ontario | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Refinery | Plant | Noranda Income Fund | Valleyfield refinery, Quebec | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Refinery | Plant | Taseko Mines Ltd., 75%, Lojitz Corp., 12.5%, Dowa Holdings Co Ltd., 6.25% Furukawa Co. Ltd., 6.25% | Gibraltar solvent extraction– electrowinning (SX–EW) facility, British Columbia | 1. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Smelter | Plant | Vale S.A. | Copper Cliff smelter in Sudbury, Ontario | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Smelter | Plant | Vale S.A. | Long Harbour smelter, Newfoundland and Labrador | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Refinery | Plant | Vale S.A. | Copper Cliff refinery in Sudbury, Ontario | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| CopperCopper > Refinery | Plant | Vale S.A. | Voisey's Bay refinery, Newfoundland and Labrador | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| GraphiteGraphite | Not specified | Northern Graphite Corp. | Lac des Iles Mine, Ontario | 15,000. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| LithiumLithium, Li2CO | Not specified | North American Lithium Inc. (Sayona Mining Ltd., 75%, and Piedmont Lithium Inc., 25%) | North American Lithium Mine,1 La Corne, Quebec | 23. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| LithiumLithium, Li2CO | Not specified | Tantalum Mining Corporation of Canada (Sinomine Resources Group Co., Ltd.) | Tanco Mine, Manitoba | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Ore, Ni content | Mine | Glencore plc | Raglan Mine in Ungave, Quebec | 29. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Ore, Ni content | Mine | Glencore plc | Fraser Mine and Nickel Rim South Mine in the Sudbury district, Ontario | 20. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Ore, Ni content | Mine | Impala Canada Ltd. (Impala Platinum Holdings Ltd.) | Lac des Iles Mine, about 85 km northwest of Thunder Bay, Ontario | 800. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Ore, Ni content | Mine | KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. | Morrison (Levac) Mine, Sudbury, Ontario | 6. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Ore, Ni content | Mine | Vale Canada Ltd. (Vale S.A.) | Ontario operations, Ontario | 85. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Ore, Ni content | Mine | Vale Canada Ltd. (Vale S.A.) | Manitoba Division (includes the Birchtree Mine3 and the Thompson Mine), Thompson, Manitoba | 45. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Ore, Ni content | Mine | Vale Newfoundland & Labrador Ltd. (Vale S.A.) | Voisey's Bay Mines (includes the Ovoid Mine), Newfoundland and Labrador | 80. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Refinery | Plant | and powder). (as printed) | 2022 | |||
| NickelNickel > Refinery | Plant | Glencore plc | CCR refinery in Montreal-Est, Quebec | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Refinery | Plant | Glencore plc | Port Colborne refinery, Ontario | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Refinery | Plant | Sherritt International Corp., 50%) | 4 (Co briquets (as printed) | 2022 | ||
| NickelNickel > Refinery | Plant | The Cobalt Refinery Company Inc. (Moa joint | Fort Saskatchewan refinery, Fort | 35 (Ni briquets (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Refinery | Plant | Vale S.A. | Copper Cliff refinery in Sudbury, Ontario | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Refinery | Plant | Vale S.A. | Thompson refinery in Thompson, Manitoba | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Refinery | Plant | Vale S.A. | Voisey's Bay refinery, Newfoundland and Labrador | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Smelter | Plant | Vale S.A. | Copper Cliff smelter in Sudbury, Ontario | NA. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Refinery | Plant | venture of General Nickel S.A., 50%, and | Saskatchewan, Alberta | and powder); (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Primary | Not specified | Glencore plc | Sudbury smelter, Ontario | 131 (Cu-Ni matte). (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Primary | Not specified | Vale S.A. | Smelter in Thompson, Manitoba | 82 (Ni anode). (as printed) | 2022 | |
| NickelNickel > Primary | Not specified | Vale S.A. | Long Harbour smelter, Newfoundland and Labrador | 50. (as printed) | 2022 | |
| TungstenTungsten, WO3 content | Not specified | North American Tungsten Corporation Ltd. | Cantung Mine,4 Northwest Territories | 3,500. (as printed) | 2022 |
Trade partners
2 recorded flows, 2024
- Recorded trade flow; a thicker line is a larger value
- Canada
Lines join the middle of each country. They are not shipping routes.
Reconciled customs data (CEPII BACI), by value. The data holds only the largest flows of each material, so this is not the country’s full trade.
199 sites, deposits and projects on record are listed with the map in the Overview →
Money
What the trade data and the World Bank record in money terms. Every value is a reported figure with its own year.
All recorded trade flows of 2024 under the customs codes that isolate one of the ten materials, by value (CEPII BACI, reconciled estimates, current US dollars). Codes that mix several materials are left out, so trade in those materials is understated; gallium and germanium have no usable code at all. Each material lists its five largest partners. Why trade data blurs some materials
Exports of the ten materials
$8.4bnin 2024, with 67 partner countries
Copper$5bn
China $1.4bn · United States $1.3bn · Japan $824M · Republic of Korea $719M · India $170M · 31 more
Nickel$3.2bn
Norway $1.1bn · United States $764M · Netherlands $237M · Belgium $234M · China $137M · 40 more
Cobalt$240M
United States $42M · Norway $40M · China $36M · Netherlands $29M · Belgium $29M · 25 more
Graphite$32M
United States $22M · Belgium $4M · Germany $1.4M · Japan $904,708 · Spain $694,146 · 33 more
Tungsten$28M
United States $20M · Germany $4.4M · Saudi Arabia $993,326 · Australia $866,371 · Japan $251,055 · 20 more
Rare earths$3.2M
United States $2.3M · China $205,474 · Thailand $111,376 · Japan $105,699 · Australia $75,037 · 28 more
Antimony$987,701
United States $980,303 · Finland $7,398
Lithium$410,049
Indonesia $394,132 · France $3,575 · United States $3,442 · Sweden $1,798 · Republic of Korea $1,797 · 7 more
Imports of the ten materials
$3.4bnin 2024, with 62 partner countries
Copper$2.5bn
United States $1bn · Sweden $790M · Chile $352M · Democratic Republic of the Congo $159M · Brazil $54M · 34 more
Nickel$823M
Zambia $256M · Finland $171M · United States $153M · Namibia $78M · Germany $44M · 24 more
Antimony$36M
United States $15M · China $12M · India $1.5M · Oman $1.5M · Belgium $1.5M · 13 more
Tungsten$34M
United States $29M · China $2.8M · Germany $1.1M · Israel $992,811 · United Kingdom $164,896 · 15 more
Graphite$25M
United States $17M · China $5.7M · Belgium $748,685 · Mexico $382,221 · United Arab Emirates $340,118 · 26 more
Cobalt$23M
United States $14M · Finland $1.2M · Australia $1.2M · Morocco $1.2M · Belgium $829,820 · 20 more
Lithium$9.5M
Chile $3M · United States $3M · China $2M · India $454,587 · Singapore $400,330 · 14 more
Rare earths$4.9M
United States $1.9M · China $1.6M · India $402,892 · Malaysia $372,955 · France $271,861 · 19 more
The economy around mining
World Bank indicators. Each has its own latest year, shown next to the value; mineral rents are often several years old.
GDP (current US$)
$2.32tn
Year 2025
Mineral rents (% of GDP)
1.2%
Year 2021
Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)
7.6%
Year 2025
Government revenue from extractives
No data yet. Canada has no EITI summary record with a government total. Countries report only if they implement the EITI Standard; a missing record does not mean there is no such revenue.
Investment pipeline
announced figuresPlanned and under-construction projects in Canada with a publicly announced capital cost, public financial backing, or both. Each line is one statement by the named publisher on the given date; the atlas adds nothing to it.
cobalt sulfate refineryPlannedProcessing
Electra Battery Materials Corporation · Temiskaming Shores · Cobalt
“early works program ... to prepare for the restart of full-scale construction” · status as printed on 2025-06-19
- Announced capital cost
USD 250 M2024-08-19
refinery project (release states all amounts in US dollars unless otherwise stated) · Electra Battery Materials Corporation
The publisher's words: “The $250 million refinery project is located north of Toronto, in Temiskaming Shores”
- Public backing
USD 20 MGrant · “awarded” · 2024-08-19
U.S. Department of Defense (Defense Production Act Title III)
The publisher's words: “it has been awarded $20 million by the U.S. Department of Defense”
MactungPlannedMine
Fireweed Metals Corp. · Macmillan Pass, Yukon Territory · Tungsten
“commencing a Feasibility Study” · status as printed on 2025-11-24
- Announced capital cost
No announced capital cost was read.
- Public backing
USD 15.8 MGrant · “awarded” · 2024-12-13
U.S. Department of Defense (Defense Production Act Title III)
The publisher's words: “Fireweed has been awarded US$15.8M (~C$22.5 M) from the U.S. Department of Defense under Title III of the Defense Production Act of 1950”
A short, hand-read list, not a census: 19 projects in all. Announced amounts are not spending, a letter of interest or a conditional commitment is not a loan, and amounts stay in the currency of the announcement.
Public support instruments
Stockpiles, price floors, offtake and purchasing programmes and public funds of Canada's government, as dated policy events of the type "public support". Each is one statement by its publisher.
2025-11-04published · CanadaFundannounced
Budget 2025 proposes a Critical Minerals Sovereign Fund at Natural Resources Canada for equity investments, loan guarantees and offtake agreements, and a First and Last Mile Fund.
CAD 2 bn · “$2 billion over five years, on a cash basis, starting in 2026-27”
Covers: “critical minerals projects and companies”
The publisher's words: “provide $2 billion over five years, on a cash basis, starting in 2026-27, to Natural Resources Canada to create the Critical Minerals Sovereign Fund”
3 further statements from the source
tools of the fund
The publisher's words: “including equity investments, loan guarantees, and offtake agreements”
First and Last Mile Fund
The publisher's words: “provide $371.8 million over four years, starting in 2026-27, to Natural Resources Canada to create the First and Last Mile Fund”
absorbs the Critical Minerals Infrastructure Fund
The publisher's words: “would absorb the Critical Minerals Infrastructure Fund and leverage its existing funding envelope to provide up to $1.5 billion in support through 2029-30”
Mining companies headquartered here · 75
Companies that Wikidata places in the mining industry with headquarters in Canada, for every commodity, not only the ten materials. Wikidata is edited by volunteers: entries may be missing or out of date, and each name links to its item. A listing names an exchange and a ticker; it is not a price.
| Company | Headquarters | Stock listing | LEI | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africo Resources | Vancouver | Toronto Stock Exchange | — | |
| Agnico Eagle Minesnamed at 4 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Toronto | New York Stock Exchange: AEMToronto Stock Exchange: AEM | 254900BFJ2DOHPMEXN45 | |
| Alderon Iron Ore Corp. | Montreal | Toronto Stock Exchange | 529900VRAEXIOZ6NRM52 | |
| AuRico Gold | Mainland Halifax; Toronto | New York Stock Exchange: AUQToronto Stock Exchange | 549300EBYDWHTZVNTZ89 | |
| B2Gold | Vancouver | New York Stock Exchange: BTGToronto Stock Exchange: BTO | 549300F7OK456M5NLM05 | |
| Battle North Gold | Toronto | Toronto Stock Exchange | — | |
| Cameco | Saskatoon | New York Stock Exchange: CCJToronto Stock Exchange: CCO | N4BHALMXL3GMZKCUON55 | |
| Candente Copper | Vancouver | Toronto Stock Exchange | 549300TFG3BHV56TV662 | |
| Centerra Goldnamed at 2 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Toronto | New York Stock Exchange: CGAUToronto Stock Exchange: CG | 549300K0HXTMP5JJ0E62 | |
| China Gold International Resourcesnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Vancouver | Hong Kong Stock Exchange: 2099Toronto Stock Exchange | 529900936ZPAXB0LZD87 | |
| Denison Mines | Toronto | Toronto Stock Exchange | 529900JWGSW17LJK6586 | |
| Eldorado Gold | Vancouver | New York Stock Exchange: EGOToronto Stock Exchange | 5493004PWQ01YDD1IH62 | |
| Endeavour Mining | Vancouver | Toronto Stock Exchange | — | |
| Euro Manganese | Vancouver | Australian Securities Exchange: EMNTSX Venture Exchange: EMN | 8945004U4YI3514BYN42 | |
| First Majestic Silver | Vancouver | New York Stock Exchange: AGToronto Stock Exchange: FR | 529900PWCU5DUH1DYR51 | |
| First Quantum Mineralsnamed at 13 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Vancouver | Toronto Stock Exchange: FM | 549300I7UVBGWRYMYZ18 | |
| Gabriel Resources | Toronto | Toronto Stock Exchange | 529900SJTRA2V9AI4361 | |
| Giyani Metals | Oakville | TSX Venture Exchange: EMM | 529900DGXNV7YZHIDV55 | |
| Great Panther Silver | Vancouver | NYSE American: GPL | — | |
| HudBay Mineralsnamed at 13 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Toronto | New York Stock Exchange: HBMToronto Stock Exchange | — | |
| Iamgold | Toronto | New York Stock Exchange: IAGToronto Stock Exchange: IMG | — | |
| Ivanhoe Minesnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Vancouver | Toronto Stock Exchange: IVN | 5299006XZISURYIA4G32 | |
| Katanga Miningnamed at 2 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Whitehorse | Toronto Stock Exchange | — | |
| Kinross Gold | Toronto | New York Stock Exchange: KGCToronto Stock Exchange: K | 549300UEBMAQDN0K0R06 | |
| Lac Minerals | Quebec | Toronto Stock Exchange | — | |
| Lithium Americas | Vancouver | New York Stock Exchange: LACToronto Stock Exchange: LAC | 529900Q9ENG7EHHZ5R75 | |
| Lucara Diamond | Vancouver | Toronto Stock Exchange | 549300GGHEV7KQEE8R10 | |
| Lundin Miningnamed at 8 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Toronto | Toronto Stock Exchange | 549300FQDIM6C8HTN269 | |
| McEwen Mining | Toronto | New York Stock Exchange: MUXToronto Stock Exchange | 5493000FX50GEWAF3U70 | |
| Mountain Province Diamonds | Toronto | Toronto Stock Exchange | 549300Y5548SJTH51N28 | |
| Nautilus Minerals | Toronto | Toronto Stock Exchange | 529900GCHKAJYEL0FW61 | |
| New Goldnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Vancouver | New York Stock ExchangeToronto Stock Exchange | 5493005G0GNCHP0H6L96 | |
| Osisko Metals | Montreal | TSX Venture Exchange: OM | 5493003KCD875ELH4484 | |
| Pinnacle Silver and Gold | Vancouver | Frankfurt Stock Exchange: P9JOTC Markets Group: PSGCFTSX Venture Exchange: PINN | — | |
| Rockwell Diamonds | Vancouver | Toronto Stock Exchange | — | |
| Sandstorm Gold | Vancouver | New York Stock Exchange: SANDToronto Stock Exchange: SSL | — | |
| Seabridge Goldnamed at 2 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Toronto | New York Stock ExchangeToronto Stock Exchange | 9845003FEO1A66376A92 | |
| Sherritt Internationalnamed at 2 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Toronto | OTC Markets Group: SHERFToronto Stock Exchange | — | |
| Silvercorp Metals | Vancouver | New York Stock Exchange: SVMToronto Stock Exchange | 52990092RT3UCQ7G3177 | |
| South American Silver Corporation | Vancouver | Toronto Stock Exchange | — | |
| Thompson Creek Metals | Toronto | New York Stock Exchange: TCToronto Stock Exchange | 5493006NK2IEVPDTTN51 | |
| Turquoise Hill Resources | Vancouver | NasdaqNew York Stock Exchange: TRQToronto Stock Exchange | 549300R80B2163QFEC16 | |
| Uranium One | Toronto | Toronto Stock Exchange | 213800OH27JC4YK8KE12 | |
| Wheaton Precious Metals | Vancouver | New York Stock Exchange: SLWToronto Stock Exchange | 549300XSFG5ZCGVYD886 | |
| Yamana Goldnamed at 3 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Toronto | New York Stock Exchange: AUYToronto Stock Exchange: YRI | — | |
| Adex Miningnamed at 1 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Toronto | — | 5299007AD47GPBSI6483 | |
| African Metals Corporation | Surrey | — | — | |
| Almonty Industries | Toronto | — | 54930049R1BTGV5RJ021 | |
| Anvil Mining | Montreal | — | — | |
| Bre-X | Calgary | — | — | |
| Breakwater Resources | Toronto | — | — | |
| Canadian Malartic Corporation | Montreal | — | 254900SJU6CW31RVHW15 | |
| Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation | Greater Sudbury | — | — | |
| Corriente Resources | Vancouver | — | — | |
| ICAN Mine Metals Ltd (ICAN) | Toronto | — | — | |
| ICAN Mine Metals Ltd (ICAN) | Toronto | — | — | |
| Imperial Metals Corporationnamed at 4 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Vancouver | — | 549300WQSPLDYCC4Z755 | |
| Iron Ore Company of Canada | Montreal | — | — | |
| Jenckes Machine Company | Sherbrooke; St. Catharines | — | — | |
| Leading Edge Materials Ltd | Vancouver | — | — | |
| McEwen Copper | Toronto | — | — | |
| Mining Corporation of Canada, Limited | Toronto | — | — | |
| Neo Lithium Corp. | Toronto | — | 254900R0YJWNNUFEYU56 | |
| Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company | New Glasgow | — | — | |
| Online LIMS Canada Ltd. | Callander | — | — | |
| Orano Canada | Saskatoon | — | — | |
| Orex Exploration | Montreal | — | — | |
| Pioneer Coal Limited | Antigonish | — | — | |
| Rail-Veyor | Greater Sudbury | — | — | |
| Red Back Mining | Vancouver | — | — | |
| The Metals Company | Vancouver | — | — | |
| Vale Canada Limitednamed at 18 sites or listed plants, itself or through a subsidiary | Toronto | — | PRAQ4VOSFIK7OQ8Z2512 | |
| Ventures | Toronto | — | — | |
| Wenco International Mining Systems | Richmond | — | 549300T9QHXYGRYEUZ12 | |
| Wright-Hargreaves Mines | Toronto | — | — |
These figures are informational, not financial advice.
Sustainability
Four indicators, the same on every profile. Each is a figure with its unit, year and source, or a plain statement that there is none.
Carbon
Emissions intensity of the country's electricity grid.
192gCO2e/kWh
Higher than 25% of the other 208 countries with a grid figure.
- It describes the national grid, not mining or refining. Sites may run on their own power.
Water
Share of the country's mine sites on record that lie in high or extremely high baseline water stress.
0%of mine sites on record
No world percentile: the number of sites on record differs too much between countries to compare them.
- 0 of 56 sites with a class (56 mine and brine sites on record).
- Counted by site, not by tonnage: it is not a share of production.
- "Arid and Low Water Use" is a class of its own in the source and is not counted as high.
Land
Land visibly used by mining in the country, every commodity together.
5 088km²
Higher than 96% of the other 143 countries with a mapped mining area.
- Rank 7 of 144 countries by area.
- Mapped from satellite images for all mining in a country. It cannot be attributed to one material or one site.
Circularity
Recycling's share of demand.
Not available per country: recycling rates in the atlas are published per material, for the EU as a whole.
There is no overall score: the four figures measure different things and are not added up. How to read these figures
Risks & policy
Export controls in force
Compiled by USGS, effective January 2026. Not a live feed.
USGS Table 4 lists no export control by this country for the materials in the atlas.
Chokepoints at sea
The atlas has no record of which minerals pass through which sea passage, so no chokepoint figure is attached to this profile. Current ship counts for the main passages are on the Live page. Open the Live page
Gaps
What the atlas is missing for Canada
Computed from the data. Each line names a record that exists and one that does not. It marks missing data, not missing industry.
None of the checks finds a missing record. That does not mean the record is complete.
- Trade is partial by design: the atlas holds only each material's largest flows. 17 of them name this country.
Sources
Every source this profile uses, with its licence, the years its figures describe and how sure the figures are. Each chip on the profile opens the single record.
- NRCan critical minerals 2026 ↗139 records used
- Licence
- OGL-Canada-2.0
- As of
- 2026
- Confidence
- Reported
- USGS Minerals Yearbook, Vol. III ↗64 records used
- Licence
- Public domain (U.S. Government work)
- As of
- 2022
- Confidence
- Reported
- NRCan Map 900A (2025) ↗40 records used
- Licence
- OGL-Canada-2.0
- As of
- 2025
- Confidence
- Reported
- USGS MCS 2026 ↗26 records used
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
- As of
- 2025
- Confidence
- Reported · Estimated
- CEPII BACI 202601 ↗19 records used
- Licence
- Etalab Open Licence 2.0
- As of
- 2024
- Confidence
- Estimated
- WU Vienna mine database v1.0.3 ↗11 records used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2022
- Confidence
- Reported
- OpenStreetMap (Overpass) ↗9 records used
- Licence
- ODbL-1.0
- As of
- 2026
- Confidence
- Estimated
- IEA GCMO 2026 ↗4 records used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2025
- Confidence
- Reported
- World Bank WDI ↗3 records used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2021–2025
- Confidence
- Reported
- Ember Yearly Electricity Data ↗1 record used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2025
- Confidence
- Reported
- Maus et al. 2022 (mining areas v2) ↗1 record used
- Licence
- CC-BY-SA-4.0
- As of
- 2019
- Confidence
- Estimated
- Wikidata ↗1 record used
- Licence
- CC0-1.0
- As of
- 2026
- Confidence
- Inferred, needs review
- WRI Aqueduct 4.0 ↗1 record used
- Licence
- CC-BY-4.0
- As of
- 2023
- Confidence
- Estimated
The mining-area figure comes from a share-alike source (CC-BY-SA-4.0). It is kept in its own file under that licence, apart from the rest of the atlas's data.
History & talk
Revision history and discussion are coming soon.
Every change to a figure will be listed here with its source, its credit and its review, and each profile will have a place to discuss it. Until then the data changes only when a source is updated, and every figure links to that source.
What we don't know yet
No open source we may use gives these figures. Nothing is estimated to fill them. If you know a public source, add it.
- Import dependence: no open per-country series is loaded yet.Add data: Import dependence: no open per-country series is loaded yet.
- Recycling rates: Eurostat publishes them for the EU as a whole, not for one country.Add data: Recycling rates: Eurostat publishes them for the EU as a whole, not for one country.